Holmberg S B, Bertram J S
Kirurgiska kliniken, Sahlgrenska sjukhuset, Göteborg.
Nord Med. 1991;106(3):86-9.
Cancer transformation of normal cells has been shown to be a multistep procedure, where a primary change is initiated by endogenous or exogenous alteration in nuclear DNA. Further activation of oncogenes or deletion of tumor suppressor genes is then required to transform the normal cell to a proliferating cancer cell. This process requires many years in humans. Epidemiological evidence and case-control studies have pointed to substances with a potential as cancer chemopreventative. Basic science has elucidated possible mechanisms on initiation and promotion of carcinogenesis behind the chemopreventive action of retinoids, other vitamins and selenium. These substances are presently being investigated in intervention studies to prevent cancer in high risk groups and the general population.
正常细胞的癌变已被证明是一个多步骤过程，其中主要变化由核DNA的内源性或外源性改变引发。随后需要原癌基因的进一步激活或肿瘤抑制基因的缺失，才能将正常细胞转化为增殖性癌细胞。在人类中，这个过程需要很多年。流行病学证据和病例对照研究已指出具有癌症化学预防潜力的物质。基础科学阐明了类维生素A、其他维生素和硒的化学预防作用背后，癌症发生起始和促进的可能机制。目前正在对这些物质进行干预研究，以预防高危人群和普通人群中的癌症。
