Gautrais Jacques
Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, CNRS-Université de Toulouse, France.
Behav Processes. 2010 Jul;84(3):664-7. doi: 10.1016/j.beproc.2010.03.002. Epub 2010 Mar 16.
The dynamics of a collective move can be untangled into three components: initiation, following and cancellation. Varying the response function parameters attached to one individual can switch the collective phenomenology from an absence of well identified leader ("distributed leadership") to the emergence of a "despotic regime", i.e. this individual leading more often the collective moves. I show that not all parameters have the same impact but rather that only a large increase of the initiation rate can empower an obvious leader, up to the "despotic" regime. Being more readily followed, or cancelling less often can enhance the leader's prominence only up to a limited level. To overtake this limit would then further require to affect also the parameters attached to the others (e.g. to lower their eagerness to initiate group motion as well as their probability to be followed when they do).
发起、跟随和取消。改变赋予一个个体的响应函数参数,可以使集体现象从没有明确的领导者(“分布式领导”)转变为“专制 regime”的出现,即这个个体更频繁地引领集体行动。我表明并非所有参数都有相同的影响,而是只有发起率的大幅提高才能赋予一个明显的领导者权力,直至达到“专制” regime。更容易被跟随,或者更少取消行动,只能在有限程度上增强领导者的突出地位。要突破这个限制,就需要进一步影响赋予其他个体的参数(例如,降低他们发起群体行动的积极性以及他们发起行动时被跟随的概率)。