School of Social Work, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL 33620-6600, USA.
Anxiety Stress Coping. 2011 Jan;24(1):27-42. doi: 10.1080/10615801003703193.
This study examined the relationship between exposure to Hurricane Gustav and distress among 122 children (ages 7-12) to determine whether that relationship was moderated by prior experiences with Hurricane Katrina and exposure to community violence (ECV). Measures of hurricane experiences, ECV, posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms, and depression were administered. Assessments occurred after the third anniversary of Katrina, which coincided with the landfall of Gustav. Results indicated that the relation between exposure to Gustav and PTS was moderated by prior experiences. There was a positive association between Gustav exposure and PTS for children who experienced high Katrina exposure and low ECV, with a similar trend for children with high ECV and low Katrina exposure. There was no relationship between Gustav exposure and PTS for children with low Katrina and low ECV or for children with high Katrina and high ECV. The relationship between exposure to Gustav and depression was not moderated by children's prior experience. However, there was a relationship between Katrina exposure and depression for children with high ECV. Results suggest that prior trauma may amplify the relationship between hurricane exposure and distress, but children with high cumulative trauma may remain highly symptomatic regardless of disaster exposure.
本研究调查了 122 名（7-12 岁）儿童在接触古斯塔夫飓风后出现困扰的情况，以确定先前经历过卡特里娜飓风和接触社区暴力（ECV）是否会对这种关系产生影响。研究中对飓风经历、ECV、创伤后应激（PTS）症状和抑郁进行了评估。评估发生在卡特里娜飓风三周年之际，此时古斯塔夫飓风登陆。结果表明，先前经历会影响到接触古斯塔夫飓风与 PTS 之间的关系。对于经历过高水平卡特里娜飓风暴露和低水平 ECV 的儿童，古斯塔夫飓风暴露与 PTS 之间呈正相关，而对于高水平 ECV 和低水平卡特里娜飓风暴露的儿童，也有类似的趋势。对于低水平卡特里娜飓风和低 ECV 的儿童，或高水平卡特里娜飓风和高水平 ECV 的儿童，古斯塔夫飓风暴露与 PTS 之间没有关系。古斯塔夫飓风暴露与抑郁之间的关系不受儿童先前经历的影响。然而，对于高水平 ECV 的儿童，卡特里娜飓风暴露与抑郁之间存在关系。研究结果表明，先前的创伤可能会放大飓风暴露与困扰之间的关系，但对于经历过大量创伤的儿童来说，无论是否遭受过灾难的影响，他们可能仍会表现出高度的症状。
