[Impact of tobacco smoking on biologic background of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma].

The most common risk factors related to the occurrence of laryngeal cancer is related to tobacco smoking. It is interlinked to the presence of chemical substance in tobacco smoke. These substances are mutagenic factors and they are carcinogens. These substances penetrate cell, they penetrate cellular nucleus and in consequence, it causes damage to the genetic material. Accumulation of mutations enables cells to conduct local invasion, and it initiates tumor invasion and metastasis. We used tissue samples from 11 patients that were selected from all head and neck specimens and diagnosed at Department of Clinical Pathology in Bydgoszcz in 2008. We have made immunohistochemical staining in order to describe localization of MMP-2. Furthermore, the expression of proliferative antigens: PCNA and Ki-67 in laryngeal carcinoma and their relations to tumor invasion and metastasis were measured. We divided patients into two groups: people who smoke less than 20 cigarettes a day and people who smoke over 20 cigarettes a day. All patients were diagnosed with a squamous cell carcinoma with histological grade G2. Tumors were staged according to the TNM classification. Studied patients were classified ranging T2 - T4, N0 - N3 and all were M0. We found out similarities in expression of analyzing antigens in individual groups of patients. We observed decreased expression of MMP-2, PCNA and Ki-67 amongst patients who smoke less than 20 cigarettes a day in comparison with patients who smoke more than 20 cigarettes a day. We noticed such trend in tumor cells and in dysplastic cells. We certify differences between levels of expression of researched markers according they intensity of exposure on tobacco smoking. Probably those differences may represent different levels of cell damage.