Menach Owen Pyeko, Patel Asmeeta, Oburra Herbert Ouma
Department of Surgery, ENT Division, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 330-00202, Nairobi, Kenya ; ENT Head & Neck Department, Kenyatta National Hospital, P.O. Box 20723-00202, Nairobi, Kenya.
ENT Head & Neck Department, Kenyatta National Hospital, P.O. Box 20723-00202, Nairobi, Kenya.
Int J Otolaryngol. 2014;2014:507189. doi: 10.1155/2014/507189. Epub 2014 Jan 21.
Background. Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma is a common head and neck cancer worldwide. Objective. To determine the demographic characteristics of patients with laryngeal cancer, establish their tumor characteristics and relate it to their smoking and alcohol ingestion habits. Methods. Fifty cases and fifty controls were recruited of matching age, sex, and region of residence. History and pattern of cigarette smoking and alcohol ingestion was taken and analyzed. Results. 33 (66%) of the cases and 3 (6%) among controls were current cigarette smokers. 74% had smoked for more than 30 years, P < 0.0001 OR 21.3 (95% CI: 2.6-176.1). There was a male predominance (96%) and most cases (62%) were from the ethnic communities in the highland areas of Kenya predominantly in Central and Eastern provinces. Very heavy drinkers had increased risk of P < 0.0001 OR, 6.0 (95% CI: 1.957-18.398) and those who smoked cigarettes and drank alcohol had poorly differentiated tumors G3, P < 0.001, OR 11.652 (95% CI 2.305-58.895), and G4, P=0.52 OR 7.286 (95% CI 0.726-73.075). They also presented with advanced disease (73.6%). Conclusion. Cigarette smoking and alcohol ingestion are strong risk factors for development of late stage and poorly differentiated laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma in Kenya.
背景。喉鳞状细胞癌是全球常见的头颈癌。目的。确定喉癌患者的人口统计学特征，明确其肿瘤特征，并将其与吸烟和饮酒习惯相关联。方法。招募了50例患者和50名对照，年龄、性别和居住地区相匹配。记录并分析吸烟和饮酒的历史及模式。结果。33例患者（66%）为当前吸烟者，而对照组中有3人（6%）为当前吸烟者。74%的患者吸烟超过30年，P<0.0001，OR为21.3（95%CI：2.6 - 176.1）。男性占主导（96%），大多数病例（62%）来自肯尼亚高地地区的族群社区，主要集中在中部和东部省份。饮酒量极大者患病风险增加，P<0.0001，OR为6.0（95%CI：1.957 - 18.398），吸烟且饮酒者的肿瘤分化程度差，为G3级，P<0.001，OR为11.652（95%CI 2.305 - 58.895），G4级，P = 0.52，OR为7.286（95%CI 0.726 - 73.075）。他们还表现为疾病晚期（73.6%）。结论。在肯尼亚，吸烟和饮酒是晚期及低分化喉鳞状细胞癌发生的强烈危险因素。
