Kurpas Donata, Wojtal Mariola, Bielska Dorota, Rogalska Monika, Sapilak Bartosz, Steciwko Andrzej
Katedra i Zakład Medycyny Rodzinnej, Akademia Medyczna, Wrocław.
Przegl Lek. 2009;66(10):819-21.
It was stated explicitly that smoking was increasing the risk of the death about 25-40% because of cardiovascular diseases, about 30-40% because of malignant tumors and is causing about 70% of deaths from illness of the respiratory system (no cancerous). It was also proved that basic means increasing the effectiveness of taken attempts to limit the smoking were useful and easy to apply by every doctor independently of the medical specialty. An anonymous questionnaire containing questions on the subject of the realization of problems connected with the tobacco addiction in the route of medical studies was carried amongst 6th year students of the Medical Department of Wroclaw Medical University in the academic year 2008/2009. 210 students took part in the study. 62% of examined came from the provincial capital, the 11.4% from the town with the population above 100 hundred of inhabitants, 22.4% of towns with the population below 100 hundred of inhabitants and 3.8% of students--from country centers. Only 78% of students is claiming that problems concerning nicotinism were being brought up on the university. 56.7% of examined is judging that he is able to give an anti-smoking advice to a patient. The correct answer in the question about the Fagerströma test and describing physical addiction gave 47% of students, only 39.5% examined--in the question about the assessment of motivation test (the Schneider scale), and 37.2% of students responded to the question what is consists in minimum anti-tobacco intervention. An insufficient frequency of bringing up the problem of smoking on medical studies is visible harmfulness, a consequence is a lowering knowledge amongst students. Little over 3 of students is confirming students that problems concerning the nicotinism were being brought up during studies (mainly during classes in the field of internal medicine), however every sixth of examined students is declaring the knowledge in the case of the patient addicted to the nicotine and every fourth has the knowledge. The preparing graduates of the Medical Faculty for the participation in realization of basic schedules of the promotion of the health and the diseases prevention is developing unusually pessimistically towards above data, the fight against the nicotine addiction is filling one of the essential positions, independently on the medical specialty.
文中明确指出,吸烟使心血管疾病导致的死亡风险增加约25 - 40%,使恶性肿瘤导致的死亡风险增加约30 - 40%,并导致约70%的非癌症呼吸系统疾病死亡。还证明了提高限制吸烟措施有效性的基本方法是有用的,且每位医生无论其医学专业如何都易于独立应用。在2008/2009学年,对弗罗茨瓦夫医科大学医学系六年级学生进行了一项匿名问卷调查,问卷包含与医学学习过程中烟草成瘾相关问题的内容。210名学生参与了该研究。62%的受调查者来自省会,11.4%来自人口超过10万的城镇,22.4%来自人口低于10万的城镇,3.8%的学生来自乡村中心。只有78%的学生声称大学里提到了与尼古丁成瘾有关的问题。56.7%的受调查者认为自己能够给患者提供戒烟建议。在关于法格斯特罗姆测试和描述身体成瘾的问题中,47%的学生回答正确;在关于动机测试(施奈德量表)评估的问题中,只有39.5%的受调查者回答正确;在关于最小戒烟干预包括哪些内容的问题中,37.2%的学生回答正确。医学学习中提及吸烟问题的频率不足,这明显有害,其后果是学生知识水平降低。略超过三分之一的学生确认在学习期间(主要是在内科课程中)提到了与尼古丁成瘾有关的问题,然而每六分之一的受调查学生宣称了解尼古丁成瘾患者的情况,每四分之一的学生具备相关知识。医学院校毕业生参与促进健康和疾病预防基本计划实施的准备情况,对于上述数据的发展异常悲观,无论医学专业如何,与尼古丁成瘾作斗争都占据着重要地位之一。