Roth R, Akin M, Deligonul U, Kern M J
Cardiology Division, St. Louis University Hospital, MO 63110.
Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn. 1991 Apr;22(4):290-4. doi: 10.1002/ccd.1810220407.
To assess the influence of viscosity on flow resistance, 4 clinically available contrast media were injected through 12 angiographic catheters of varying dimensions at 20 degrees and 37 degrees C. Seven cc of contrast was injected at a pressure of 200 PSI at 3cc/sec by Medrad Mark IV power injector. The pressure of injection through the manifold was recorded with an electronic pressure transducer. The lowest injection pressure at 37 degrees C occurred with Hexabrix. Differences in contrast media viscosity were apparent with catheters less than 6 French diameter. There were minimal differences in injection pressures with regard to the coronary curve tip configurations for any of the contrast agents. At 20 degrees C, Isovue had lower injection pressures than the other contrast agents. Injection through 5 French catheters demonstrated a greater than 1.5 atmosphere difference, especially between Omnipaque and Hexabrix. The difference in contrast media injection pressure was greater than 2 atmospheres between 8 French guiding and 8 French diagnostic catheters and between 5 French and 6 French diagnostic catheters and less than 2 atmospheres between 8 French and 6 French diagnostic catheters. Injection pressure differences greater than 1 atmosphere were not observed for catheters of the same French size at body or room temperature contrast injection. These data indicate that important temperature related viscosity differences between agents are present and confirm that the largest differences in contrast media are most apparent for the smallest diameter catheters. Given equivalent image opacification and hemodynamic and adverse effects, selection of a low viscosity contrast media theoretically provides an advantage during procedures using small diameter catheters or interventional procedures requiring contrast media visualization through reduced channels.
为评估粘度对流动阻力的影响，在20℃和37℃下，通过12根不同尺寸的血管造影导管注射4种临床可用的造影剂。使用Medrad Mark IV动力注射器以3cc/秒的速度在200磅力/平方英寸的压力下注射7cc造影剂。通过电子压力传感器记录通过歧管的注射压力。37℃时注射压力最低的是Hexabrix。对于直径小于6F的导管，造影剂粘度差异明显。对于任何一种造影剂，冠状动脉曲线尖端构型的注射压力差异最小。在20℃时，碘普罗胺的注射压力低于其他造影剂。通过5F导管注射显示出大于1.5个大气压的差异，尤其是在欧乃派克和Hexabrix之间。8F引导导管和8F诊断导管之间、5F和6F诊断导管之间的造影剂注射压力差异大于2个大气压，而8F和6F诊断导管之间的差异小于2个大气压。在体温或室温下注射造影剂时，对于相同F尺寸的导管，未观察到大于1个大气压的注射压力差异。这些数据表明不同造影剂之间存在与温度相关的重要粘度差异，并证实造影剂之间最大的差异在最小直径的导管中最为明显。在图像不透明度、血流动力学和不良反应相当的情况下，理论上选择低粘度造影剂在使用小直径导管的操作或需要通过狭窄通道进行造影剂显影的介入操作过程中具有优势。
