Donnelly E, Lipkin J, Clore E R, Altschuler D Z
J Community Health Nurs. 1991;8(2):85-95. doi: 10.1207/s15327655jchn0802_4.
Pediculus humanus capitis (pediculosis capitis) affects several million school children in the United States every year and is more prevalent among children than all other childhood communicable diseases combined. Traditional treatment of pediculosis involves the direct application of pesticides to the scalp of infested individuals. Yet, a single-treatment, 100% ovicidal pediculicide has not been developed. Head lice can be easily detected by an educated screener. The National Pediculosis Association (NPA) recommends regular screenings to control lice outbreaks in school settings. Screening is utilized as a prevention strategy to facilitate early detection and minimize exposure to potentially toxic chemicals. Nurses working with children in the country's schools are in key positions to develop, initiate, and incorporate prevention and control strategies into their child healthcare agenda. An NPA national survey identified specific lice management strategies used by community health nurses (CHNs) and school nurses working in school systems. The purpose of this article is to report the prevention and control strategies used by the nurses. Results of this national survey indicated significant variation in management strategies. A national standardized approach toward prevention and control is not being utilized.
头虱（头虱病）每年影响美国数百万学童，在儿童中的发病率高于所有其他儿童传染病的总和。头虱病的传统治疗方法是将杀虫剂直接涂抹在受感染个体的头皮上。然而，尚未研发出单次使用即可达到100%杀卵效果的灭虱剂。经过培训的筛查人员能够轻松检测出头虱。国家灭虱协会（NPA）建议定期进行筛查，以控制学校环境中的虱子爆发。筛查被用作一种预防策略，以促进早期发现并尽量减少接触潜在有毒化学物质。在该国学校中照顾儿童的护士处于关键位置，可制定、启动并将预防和控制策略纳入其儿童保健议程。一项NPA全国调查确定了社区健康护士（CHNs）和在学校系统工作的学校护士所采用的特定虱子管理策略。本文旨在报告护士们所采用的预防和控制策略。这项全国调查的结果表明管理策略存在显著差异。尚未采用全国标准化的预防和控制方法。
