Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2010 Apr-Jun;21(2-3):135-41. doi: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2010.02.007. Epub 2010 Mar 24.
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are selected based on their ability to eliminate malignancies by direct infection and lysis of cancer cells. Originally, OVs were designed to target malignancies by taking advantage of the defects of cancer cells observed in vitro. Subsequent analysis of virus delivery and spread in vivo has demonstrated that the tumour microenvironment can impede the ability of OVs to effectively infect and spread. Despite this limitation, it is becoming increasingly evident that OVs are also able to take advantage of certain features of the tumour microenvironment. Currently, a growing body of the literature is delineating the complex interaction between OVs and the tumour microenvironment that results in an additional therapeutic activity; these viruses are able to target malignancies by rapidly altering the tumour microenvironment into a milieu that potentiates anticancer activity. Herein, we discuss strategies that capitalize on the multifaceted relationship between OVs and host-tumour interactions that enhance the toxicity of OVs to the tumour microenvironment.
溶瘤病毒（OVs）是根据其直接感染和裂解癌细胞的能力来选择的，以消除恶性肿瘤。最初，OVs 是通过利用体外观察到的癌细胞缺陷来设计以靶向恶性肿瘤的。随后对病毒在体内的传递和扩散的分析表明，肿瘤微环境会阻碍 OVs 有效感染和扩散的能力。尽管存在这种局限性，但越来越明显的是，OVs 也能够利用肿瘤微环境的某些特征。目前，越来越多的文献描述了 OVs 与肿瘤微环境之间的复杂相互作用，这导致了额外的治疗活性；这些病毒能够通过迅速将肿瘤微环境改变为有利于抗癌活性的环境来靶向恶性肿瘤。在此，我们讨论了利用 OVs 与宿主-肿瘤相互作用之间的多方面关系的策略，这些策略增强了 OVs 对肿瘤微环境的毒性。
