Minne H W
Universität Heidelberg, Abteilung Innere Medizin.
Ther Umsch. 1991 Feb;48(2):120-6.
Bone densitometry has replaced conventional X-ray imaging in the diagnosis of bone loss. Conventional X-ray techniques however, are still the source of choice in the diagnosis of fractures in patients with osteoporosis and in the differential diagnosis of atraumatic fractures. The differential diagnosis of vertebral fractures includes metastases of solid malignant tumours, such as breast, lung or renal cancer or manifestation of systemic malignant diseases such as myeloma. The differential diagnosis of long bone fractures includes osteolytic metastases as well, and in the younger patients also bone cysts, bone tumours or hereditary skeletal diseases. Objective techniques have been developed, which allow the identification of beginning fractures but also the determination of the extent of vertebral deformation (SDI).
骨密度测定法已取代传统X线成像用于诊断骨质流失。然而,传统X线技术仍是诊断骨质疏松症患者骨折以及鉴别非创伤性骨折的首选方法。椎体骨折的鉴别诊断包括实体恶性肿瘤的转移,如乳腺癌、肺癌或肾癌,或全身性恶性疾病如骨髓瘤的表现。长骨骨折的鉴别诊断也包括溶骨性转移,在较年轻患者中还包括骨囊肿、骨肿瘤或遗传性骨骼疾病。已开发出客观技术,这些技术不仅可以识别早期骨折,还能确定椎体变形的程度(脊柱畸形指数)。