University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Lothian, EH16 4TJ, UK.
Med Teach. 2010;32(4):316-8. doi: 10.3109/01421590903447716.
The Bologna Declaration, signed in 1999 by all European Ministers of Education and currently in a phase of active implementation in Europe, specifies a three-cycle degree structure - Bachelor's, Master's, Doctorate - for all disciplines in Higher Education. The application of this model to medical education has been opposed on various grounds. In particular, a 'Ba/Ma' model for undergraduate medical degrees has been viewed as undoing recent progress towards fully integrated learning of basic and clinical medical sciences. However, this can be overcome by the use of a learning outcomes framework, agreed at European level, that reinforces the primarily medical nature of both degrees and which requires integrated teaching, learning and assessment at every stage. With this proviso, application of the Bologna principles to medicine can help to drive educational development and quality enhancement in European medical education.
《博洛尼亚宣言》于 1999 年由所有欧洲教育部长签署，目前在欧洲处于积极实施阶段，为高等教育的所有学科规定了三周期学位结构——学士、硕士、博士。将这一模式应用于医学教育在各种理由上受到了反对。特别是，本科医学学位的“学士/硕士”模式被视为否定了最近在基础和临床医学科学全面综合学习方面取得的进展。然而，通过使用在欧洲层面上达成的学习成果框架可以克服这个问题，该框架加强了这两个学位的主要医学性质，并要求在各个阶段进行综合教学、学习和评估。有了这个条件，博洛尼亚原则在医学上的应用有助于推动欧洲医学教育的发展和质量提高。
