Instituto Nacional de Recursos Biológicos, I.P., Quinta do Marquês, P-2780-159 Oeiras, Portugal.
J Sci Food Agric. 2010 Apr 30;90(6):1041-9. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.3914.
The first detailed chemical characterisation of Portuguese pine nut (Pinus pinea L.) is reported concerning proximate composition, fatty acid, mineral and vitamin contents.
Based on the analysis of 27 different populations, pine nuts were characterised by high contents of fat (47.7 g per 100 g dry matter (DM)), protein (33.8 g per 100 g DM) and phosphorus (1130 mg per 100 g DM) and low contents of moisture (5.9 g per 100 g DM) and starch (3.5 g per 100 g DM). They were also found to be a good source of zinc, iron and manganese.
Mineral composition seemed to be most prone to variation, suggesting its potentially useful role in discriminating Mediterranean pine nuts. A significant variability was found in the nut composition of Portuguese P. pinea populations.
本文首次详细描述了葡萄牙松果（Pinus pinea L.）的化学成分，包括其近似成分、脂肪酸、矿物质和维生素含量。
基于对 27 个不同种群的分析，松果的特点是脂肪含量高（每 100 克干物质中含 47.7 克）、蛋白质含量高（每 100 克干物质中含 33.8 克）、磷含量高（每 100 克干物质中含 1130 毫克），水分含量低（每 100 克干物质中含 5.9 克），淀粉含量低（每 100 克干物质中含 3.5 克）。此外，松果还是锌、铁和锰的良好来源。
矿物质组成似乎最容易发生变化，这表明其在鉴别地中海松果方面可能具有潜在的用途。葡萄牙 P. pinea 种群的松果组成存在显著的变异性。
