Endocrinology and Metabolism Sub-Division, Developmental Origins of Health and Disease Division, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK.
Drug Test Anal. 2009 Sep;1(9-10):426-33. doi: 10.1002/dta.59.
There is widespread anecdotal evidence that growth hormone (GH) is used by athletes for its anabolic and lipolytic properties. Although GH is on the World Anti-doping Agency (WADA) list of banned substances, the detection of abuse with GH is challenging. Two approaches have been developed to detect GH abuse. The first is based on the measurement of pituitary GH isoforms and the second is based on the measurement of markers of GH action.Pituitary GH contains multiple isoforms whereas recombinant human GH comprises solely the 22-kDa isoform. Immunoassays that recognize the different isoforms have been developed and form the basis of the test introduced by WADA at the Athens Olympic Games. To date, no athlete has tested positive.The GH-2000 project proposed a test based on the measurement of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and type III pro-collagen (P-III-P) as these markers increase in a dose-dependent manner in response to GH and their basal concentration varies much less than GH. When combined with discriminant function analysis, these markers were able to differentiate between those taking GH and placebo in double-blind placebo controlled trials. Subsequent studies have shown that the test is applicable across different ethnicities and is unaffected by injury.
有广泛的传闻证据表明，生长激素（GH）因其合成代谢和脂解特性而被运动员使用。尽管生长激素被世界反兴奋剂机构（WADA）列入禁用物质清单，但滥用生长激素的检测具有挑战性。已经开发出两种方法来检测生长激素滥用。第一种方法基于垂体生长激素同工型的测量，第二种方法基于生长激素作用标志物的测量。垂体生长激素含有多种同工型，而重组人生长激素仅由 22kDa 同工型组成。已经开发出识别不同同工型的免疫测定法，并构成 WADA 在雅典奥运会上引入的测试的基础。迄今为止，没有运动员检测呈阳性。GH-2000 项目提出了一种基于胰岛素样生长因子-I（IGF-I）和 III 型前胶原（P-III-P）测量的测试，因为这些标志物以剂量依赖性方式响应生长激素而增加，并且其基础浓度变化比生长激素小得多。当与判别函数分析结合使用时，这些标志物能够在双盲安慰剂对照试验中区分那些服用生长激素和安慰剂的人。随后的研究表明，该测试适用于不同种族，不受伤害影响。
