Engineering II Building, Room 2330, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
Lab Chip. 2010 Apr 21;10(8):957-85. doi: 10.1039/b917759k. Epub 2010 Feb 23.
In this review, we present nanofluidic phenomena, particularly as they relate to applications involving analysis of biomolecules within nanofabricated devices. The relevant length scales and physical phenomena that govern biomolecule transport and manipulation within nanofabricated nanofluidic devices are reviewed, the advantages of nanofabricated devices are presented, and relevant applications are cited. Characteristic length scales include the Debye length, the Van der Waals radius, the action distance of hydrogen bonding, the slip length, and macromolecular dimensions. On the basis of the characteristic lengths and related nanofluidic phenomena, a nanofluidic toolbox will be assembled. Nanofluidic phenomena that affect biomolecule behavior within such devices can include ion depletion and enrichment, modified velocity and mobility, permselectivity, steric hindrance, entropy, adsorption, and hydrodynamic interaction. The complex interactions and coupled physics of such phenomena allow for many applications, including biomolecule separation, concentration, reaction/hybridization, sequencing (in the case of DNA) and detection. Examples of devices for such applications will be presented, followed by a discussion of near-term challenges and future thoughts for the field.
在这篇综述中，我们介绍了纳米流体现象，特别是与涉及在纳米制造设备中分析生物分子的应用相关的现象。我们回顾了控制生物分子在纳米制造纳米流体设备中传输和操作的相关长度尺度和物理现象，介绍了纳米制造设备的优势，并引用了相关的应用。特征长度尺度包括德拜长度、范德华半径、氢键的作用距离、滑移长度和大分子尺寸。基于特征长度和相关的纳米流体现象，我们将组装一个纳米流体工具包。影响此类设备中生物分子行为的纳米流体现象可能包括离子耗尽和富集、速度和迁移率的改变、选择性、空间位阻、熵、吸附和流体动力学相互作用。这些现象的复杂相互作用和耦合物理允许许多应用，包括生物分子分离、浓缩、反应/杂交、测序（在 DNA 的情况下）和检测。我们将介绍此类应用的设备示例，然后讨论该领域的近期挑战和未来思路。
