Wanjihia V W, Kiplamai F K, Waudo J N, Boit M K
Centre for Public Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 20752-00202, Nairobi, Kenya.
East Afr Med J. 2009 Jun;86(6):259-66. doi: 10.4314/eamj.v86i6.54135.
Amount and quality of dietary fat modifies glucose tolerance. Omega 3 Fatty Acids (n-3F A) are polyunsaturated fats, mainly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) found primarily in fish and they have a positive effect on glucose tolerance.
To compare risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as demonstrated thourough impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and n-3FA intake among two rural populations.
A descriptive, cross-sectional comparative study.
Bondo District (Luo Community) and Kericho District (Kipsigis Community) of the Lake Victoria basin of Kenya.
Sample of 150 individuals, aged above 18 years was randomly selected from each of the two communities.
Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) was measured according to World Health Organisation diagnostic criteria. The intake of n-3FA was determined using a 24 hour dietary recall and food frequency schedule. Data was analysed using SPSS and Pearson Correlation Coefficient was used to test correlation between n-3FA consumption and IGT. The inter-group comparisons were done using the t-test and analysis of variance.
The prevalence of IGT was 11.8% among the Kipsigis and 4.8% among the Luo (P<0.001). The mean EPA and DHA intake was found to be 0.29 g/day and 0.34 g/day respectively among the Luo and 0.01 g/day and 0.01 g/day among the Kipsigis (P<0.001). The relationship between 2 hour post-prandial glucose level and consumption of DHA was (r=-0.111, p<0.05), EPA (r=-0.123, p<0.05), polyunsaturated fatty acids (r=-0.128, p<0.05) and saturated fats (r=-0.002, p=0.973).
The levels of IGT were significantly lower (P<0.001) among the Luo, than among the Kipsigis. There was also evidence of significant inverse relationship between IGT and consumption of n-3FA and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) but no association between saturated fats intake and IGT. The saturated fat ingested did not affect the level of post-prandial glucose. The Luo who consumed higher n-3FA amounts, recorded lower levels of IGT than the Kipsigis who had significantly lower consumption.
Effective screening methods should be used at the existing health units to determine risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus like IGT among patients. This could help in advising them accordingly on lifestyle changes, especially concerning diet and beneficial fats.
膳食脂肪的量和质量会改变葡萄糖耐量。欧米伽3脂肪酸（n-3FA）是多不饱和脂肪，主要是二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA），主要存在于鱼类中，它们对葡萄糖耐量有积极影响。
比较两个农村人群中2型糖尿病（T2DM）的风险（通过糖耐量受损[IGT]来体现）和n-3FA摄入量。
一项描述性横断面比较研究。
肯尼亚维多利亚湖流域的邦多区（卢奥社区）和基苏木区（基普西吉斯社区）。
从两个社区中各随机抽取150名18岁以上的个体作为样本。
根据世界卫生组织诊断标准测量糖耐量受损（IGT）情况。使用24小时膳食回顾和食物频率表来确定n-3FA的摄入量。数据使用SPSS进行分析，并用Pearson相关系数检验n-3FA摄入量与IGT之间的相关性。组间比较采用t检验和方差分析。
基普西吉斯人群中IGT的患病率为11.8%，卢奥人群中为4.8%（P<0.001）。发现卢奥人群中EPA和DHA的平均摄入量分别为0.29克/天和0.34克/天，而基普西吉斯人群中分别为0.01克/天和0.01克/天（P<0.001）。餐后2小时血糖水平与DHA摄入量的关系为（r=-0.111，P<0.05），EPA（r=-0.123，P<0.05），多不饱和脂肪酸（r=-0.128，P<0.05）和饱和脂肪（r=-0.002，P=0.973）。
卢奥人群中IGT水平显著低于基普西吉斯人群（P<0.001）。也有证据表明IGT与n-3FA和多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）的摄入量之间存在显著的负相关，但饱和脂肪摄入量与IGT之间没有关联。摄入的饱和脂肪不影响餐后血糖水平。摄入n-3FA量较高的卢奥人群的IGT水平低于摄入量显著较低的基普西吉斯人群。
应在现有的卫生单位使用有效的筛查方法来确定2型糖尿病的风险因素，如患者中的IGT。这有助于据此就生活方式的改变向他们提供建议，特别是在饮食和有益脂肪方面。
