Johansson H, Sjölander P, Sojka P
University of Umeå, Sweden.
Crit Rev Biomed Eng. 1991;18(5):341-68.
The knee joint ligaments contain Ruffini, Pacinian, Golgi, and free-nerve endings with different capabilities of providing the CNS with information about movement and position as well as about noxious events. Skeletomotor neurons (alpha-motoneurons) are known to be influenced only very rarely and weakly from low-threshold mechanoreceptors in the ligaments, while the effects on the tau-muscle-spindle system in the muscles around the knee are so potent that even ligament stretches at very low loads may induce major changes in the responses of the muscle spindle afferents. Since the primary muscle spindle afferents participate in the regulation of muscular stiffness, the receptors in the knee joint ligaments probably contribute, via the tau-muscle-spindle system, to preparatory adjustment (pre-setting) of the stiffness of the muscles around the knee joint, and thereby to the joint stiffness and the functional joint stability.
膝关节韧带包含鲁菲尼小体、帕西尼小体、高尔基腱器官和游离神经末梢，它们具有不同的能力，可向中枢神经系统提供有关运动、位置以及有害事件的信息。已知骨骼运动神经元（α运动神经元）仅极少且微弱地受到韧带中低阈值机械感受器的影响，而对膝关节周围肌肉的tau-肌梭系统的影响却非常显著，以至于即使在极低负荷下韧带拉伸也可能引起肌梭传入纤维反应的重大变化。由于初级肌梭传入纤维参与肌肉僵硬度的调节，膝关节韧带中的感受器可能通过tau-肌梭系统，对膝关节周围肌肉的僵硬度进行预备性调整（预设），从而影响关节僵硬度和关节功能稳定性。
