Burke R, Barrera R, Lewis M, Kluchinsky T, Claborn D
Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.
Med Vet Entomol. 2010 Jun;24(2):117-23. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2010.00864.x. Epub 2010 Mar 31.
Adult Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Culicidae) were previously recovered from emergence traps on septic tanks in southeastern Puerto Rico. In this study we quantified immature mosquito abundance and its relationship with structural variables of the septic tanks and chemical properties of the water containing raw sewage. A miniaturized floating funnel trap was used to sample 89 septic tanks for larvae in the Puerto Rican community of Playa-Playita. Aedes aegypti larvae were recovered from 18% of the sampled tanks (10.3 larvae per septic tank per day). Larval presence was positively associated with cracking of the septic tank walls and uncovered access ports. Larval abundance was positively associated with cracking of the septic tank walls and larger tank surface areas, and inversely associated with the total dissolved solids (TDS). Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) larvae were also recovered from 74% of the septic tanks (129.6 larvae per septic tank per day). Larval presence was negatively associated with TDS in the water and larval abundance was positively associated with cracking of the septic tank walls. A screened, plastic emergence trap was used to sample 93 septic tanks within the community for Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus adults. Aedes aegypti adults were recovered from 49% of the sampled tanks (8.7 adults per septic tank per day) and Cx. quinquefasciatus adults were recovered from 97% of the sampled tanks (155.5 adults per septic tank per day). Aedes aegypti adult presence was positively associated with cracking, uncapped openings and septic water pH. The Ae. aegypti adult counts were positively associated with cracking and inversely associated with TDS and conductivity. This study marks the first published record of the recovery of Ae. aegypti larvae from holding tanks containing raw sewage in the Caribbean region. Our study indicates that Ae. aegypti larvae are present in sewage water and that septic tanks have at least the potential to maintain dengue transmission during the dry season.
之前在波多黎各东南部的化粪池诱捕器中发现了成年埃及伊蚊（林奈）（双翅目：蚊科）。在本研究中，我们对未成熟蚊子的数量及其与化粪池结构变量和含有未经处理污水的水的化学性质之间的关系进行了量化。在波多黎各普拉亚 - 普拉伊塔社区，使用小型化的漂浮漏斗诱捕器对89个化粪池中的幼虫进行采样。在18%的采样化粪池中发现了埃及伊蚊幼虫（每个化粪池每天10.3只幼虫）。幼虫的存在与化粪池壁的裂缝和未覆盖的入口呈正相关。幼虫数量与化粪池壁的裂缝和更大的池表面积呈正相关，与总溶解固体（TDS）呈负相关。从74%的化粪池中也发现了致倦库蚊幼虫（每个化粪池每天129.6只幼虫）。幼虫的存在与水中的TDS呈负相关，幼虫数量与化粪池壁的裂缝呈正相关。使用一个有筛网的塑料羽化诱捕器对该社区内的93个化粪池中的埃及伊蚊和致倦库蚊成虫进行采样。在49%的采样化粪池中发现了埃及伊蚊成虫（每个化粪池每天8.7只成虫），在97%的采样化粪池中发现了致倦库蚊成虫（每个化粪池每天155.5只成虫）。埃及伊蚊成虫的存在与裂缝、未加盖的开口和化粪池水的pH值呈正相关。埃及伊蚊成虫数量与裂缝呈正相关，与TDS和电导率呈负相关。本研究标志着在加勒比地区从含有未经处理污水的储存池中发现埃及伊蚊幼虫的首次发表记录。我们的研究表明，埃及伊蚊幼虫存在于污水中，并且化粪池至少有可能在旱季维持登革热传播。
