Mackay Andrew J, Amador Manuel, Diaz Annette, Smith Josh, Barrera Roberto
Dengue Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1324 Calle Cañada, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 2009 Dec;25(4):409-16. doi: 10.2987/09-5888.1.
Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus were found in large numbers emerging from septic tanks in southern Puerto Rico during the dry season. Previous studies suggested that Ae. aegypti uses subterranean aquatic habitats only during dry periods when surface containers do not have water. This research investigated whether septic tanks are alternative aquatic habitats that this mosquito uses during unfavorable times of the year, or whether Ae. aegypti uses this aquatic habitat throughout the year. To assess temporal change, exit traps were used to collect mosquitoes emerging from septic tanks in Playa/Playita, southern Puerto Rico, from November 2006 to October 2007. We also investigated the hypotheses that (1) the production of Ae. aegypti in septic tanks was larger than in surface containers and (2) adult mosquitoes emerging from septic tanks were larger than those emerging from surface containers. This study demonstrated that unsealed septic tanks produced large numbers of Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus throughout the year, without any significant relationship with rainfall. The number of adult Ae. aegypti emerging per day from septic tanks in each community was 3 to 9 times larger than those produced in surface containers. It was also demonstrated that Ae. aegypti emerging from septic tanks were significantly larger than those emerging from surface container habitats. It is recommended that dengue prevention programs include regular inspection and maintenance of septic tanks in communities lacking sewerage.
在旱季，波多黎各南部的化粪池中发现大量埃及伊蚊和致倦库蚊羽化。此前的研究表明，埃及伊蚊仅在旱季地表容器无水时利用地下水生栖息地。本研究调查化粪池是否是这种蚊子在一年中不利时期所利用的替代水生栖息地，或者埃及伊蚊是否全年都利用这种水生栖息地。为评估时间变化，2006年11月至2007年10月期间，在波多黎各南部的普拉亚/小普拉亚，使用诱捕器收集从化粪池羽化的蚊子。我们还调查了以下假设：（1）化粪池中埃及伊蚊的繁殖量大于地表容器；（2）从化粪池羽化的成年蚊子比从地表容器羽化的蚊子体型更大。本研究表明，未密封的化粪池全年都会产生大量埃及伊蚊和致倦库蚊，与降雨量无显著关系。每个社区从化粪池中每天羽化的成年埃及伊蚊数量比在地表容器中繁殖的数量多3至9倍。研究还表明，从化粪池羽化的埃及伊蚊比从地表容器栖息地羽化的蚊子体型明显更大。建议登革热预防计划包括对缺乏污水处理系统的社区的化粪池进行定期检查和维护。
