Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Microcirculation. 2010 Apr;17(3):179-91. doi: 10.1111/j.1549-8719.2009.00016.x.
Endothelial cells are stimulated by shear stress throughout the vasculature and respond with changes in gene expression and by morphological reorganization. Mechanical sensors of the cell are varied and include cell surface sensors that activate intracellular chemical signaling pathways. Here, possible mechanical sensors of the cell including reorganization of the cytoskeleton and the nucleus are discussed in relation to shear flow. A mutation in the nuclear structural protein lamin A, related to Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome, is reviewed specifically as the mutation results in altered nuclear structure and stiffer nuclei; animal models also suggest significantly altered vascular structure. Nuclear and cellular deformation of endothelial cells in response to shear stress provides partial understanding of possible mechanical regulation in the microcirculation. Increasing sophistication of fluid flow simulations inside the vessel is also an emerging area relevant to the microcirculation as visualization in situ is difficult. This integrated approach to study--including medicine, molecular and cell biology, biophysics and engineering--provides a unique understanding of multi-scale interactions in the microcirculation.
内皮细胞在整个脉管系统中受到剪切力的刺激，通过基因表达的变化和形态重组来做出反应。细胞的机械感受器多种多样，包括激活细胞内化学信号通路的细胞表面感受器。在这里，我们将讨论与切变流有关的细胞的可能机械感受器，包括细胞骨架和核的重排。核结构蛋白核纤层蛋白 A 的突变与哈钦森-吉尔福德早衰综合征有关，我们特别对该突变导致核结构改变和核硬度增加进行了综述；动物模型也表明血管结构明显改变。内皮细胞对剪切力的核和细胞变形提供了对微循环中可能的机械调节的部分理解。血管内流体流动模拟的日益复杂也是与微循环相关的一个新兴领域，因为原位可视化比较困难。这种包括医学、分子和细胞生物学、生物物理学和工程学在内的综合研究方法为微循环中的多尺度相互作用提供了独特的理解。
