Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, USA; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Zapopan, JAL, Mexico.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, USA.
Biomaterials. 2019 Apr;198:78-94. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.08.010. Epub 2018 Aug 4.
Bioengineered tissues have become increasingly more sophisticated owing to recent advancements in the fields of biomaterials, microfabrication, microfluidics, genetic engineering, and stem cell and developmental biology. In the coming years, the ability to engineer artificial constructs that accurately mimic the compositional, architectural, and functional properties of human tissues, will profoundly impact the therapeutic and diagnostic aspects of the healthcare industry. In this regard, bioengineered cardiac tissues are of particular importance due to the extremely limited ability of the myocardium to self-regenerate, as well as the remarkably high mortality associated with cardiovascular diseases worldwide. As novel microphysiological systems make the transition from bench to bedside, their implementation in high throughput drug screening, personalized diagnostics, disease modeling, and targeted therapy validation will bring forth a paradigm shift in the clinical management of cardiovascular diseases. Here, we will review the current state of the art in experimental in vitro platforms for next generation diagnostics and therapy validation. We will describe recent advancements in the development of smart biomaterials, biofabrication techniques, and stem cell engineering, aimed at recapitulating cardiovascular function at the tissue- and organ levels. In addition, integrative and multidisciplinary approaches to engineer biomimetic cardiovascular constructs with unprecedented human and clinical relevance will be discussed. We will comment on the implementation of these platforms in high throughput drug screening, in vitro disease modeling and therapy validation. Lastly, future perspectives will be provided on how these biomimetic platforms will aid in the transition towards patient centered diagnostics, and the development of personalized targeted therapeutics.
由于生物材料学、微制造、微流控学、基因工程、干细胞和发育生物学领域的最新进展，生物工程组织变得越来越复杂。在未来几年内，构建能够准确模拟人类组织组成、结构和功能特性的人工构建体的能力，将极大地影响医疗保健行业的治疗和诊断方面。在这方面，由于心肌自身再生能力极其有限，以及全球心血管疾病死亡率极高，生物工程心脏组织尤其重要。随着新型微生理系统从实验室走向临床，它们在高通量药物筛选、个性化诊断、疾病建模和靶向治疗验证中的应用将带来心血管疾病临床管理的范式转变。在这里，我们将回顾下一代诊断和治疗验证的实验体外平台的最新进展。我们将描述智能生物材料、生物制造技术和干细胞工程的最新进展，旨在在组织和器官水平上再现心血管功能。此外，还将讨论整合和多学科方法来构建具有前所未有人类和临床相关性的仿生心血管结构。我们将评论这些平台在高通量药物筛选、体外疾病建模和治疗验证中的应用。最后，将提供关于这些仿生平台如何帮助向以患者为中心的诊断以及个性化靶向治疗的发展过渡的未来展望。
