Kraemer M E, Favi F D
Virginia State University, Agricultural Research Station, PO Box 9061, Petersburg, VA 23806, USA.
Environ Entomol. 2010 Apr;39(2):351-8. doi: 10.1603/EN09242.
Emergence patterns of a natural population of Osmia lignaria subsp. lignaria Say were monitored during a 5-yr period (2003-2007) in relation to air temperature, bloom of eastern redbud (Cercis canadensis L.), and emergence of the parasitoid Chysura kyrae Krombein. Bee cocoons were placed in gelatin capsules and overwintered within shelters in their natural habitat. Mean emergence of female O. l. lignaria was observed at approximately 2 d after redbud bloom began; mean male emergence was approximately 1 wk earlier than for females and was nearly identical to that of C. kyrae. Horticultural models used to predict budburst for several tree species were evaluated with respect to redbud bloom and O. l. lignaria emergence. Each model indicated that both sexes of the bee and redbud had similar chill unit requirements. Differences in emergence and bloom dates were attributed to the different requirements for growing degree hours (GDHs) after chilling requirements were met. The close phenological relationship observed between eastern redbud and bee emergence suggests an important role for this common understory tree in the early nesting success of O. l. lignaria.
在2003年至2007年的5年期间，对木蜂（Osmia lignaria subsp. lignaria Say）自然种群的羽化模式进行了监测，监测内容涉及气温、东部紫荆（Cercis canadensis L.）的花期以及寄生蜂Chysura kyrae Krombein的羽化情况。将蜜蜂茧置于明胶胶囊中，并在其自然栖息地的庇护所内越冬。观察到木蜂雌性的平均羽化时间约在紫荆花期开始后2天；雄性的平均羽化时间比雌性早约1周，且与Chysura kyrae的羽化时间几乎相同。针对紫荆花期和木蜂羽化情况，对用于预测几种树种芽萌动的园艺模型进行了评估。每个模型均表明，蜜蜂的雌雄两性与紫荆对冷单位的需求相似。羽化和花期日期的差异归因于满足冷需求后对生长度日（GDHs）的不同需求。东部紫荆与蜜蜂羽化之间观察到的紧密物候关系表明，这种常见的林下树木在木蜂早期筑巢成功方面发挥着重要作用。
