Curtin Water Quality Research Centre (CWQRC), Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng. 2010;45(5):542-8. doi: 10.1080/10934521003595100.
A lack of knowledge of the health and environmental risks associated with chemicals of concern (COCs) and also of their removal by advanced treatment processes, such as micro-filtration (MF) and reverse osmosis (RO), have been major barriers preventing establishment of large water recycling schemes. As part of a larger project monitoring over 300 COCs, iodinated X-ray contrast media compounds (ICM) were analysed in treated secondary wastewater intended for drinking purposes. ICM are the most widely administered intravascular pharmaceuticals and are known to persist in the aquatic environment. A direct injection liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (DI-LC-MS/MS) method was used to monitor secondary treated wastewater from three major wastewater treatment plants in Perth, Western Australia. In addition, tertiary water treated with MF and RO was analysed from a pilot plant that has been built as a first step in trialling the aquifer recharge. Results collected during 2007 demonstrate that MF/RO treatment is capable of removing ICM to below the analytical limits of detection, with average RO rejection calculated to be greater than 92%. A screening health risk assessment indicated negligible human risk at the concentrations observed in wastewater.
缺乏对与关注化学品（COCs）相关的健康和环境风险的了解，也缺乏对其通过高级处理工艺（如微滤（MF）和反渗透（RO））去除的了解，这一直是阻碍大规模水回收计划建立的主要障碍。作为监测 300 多种 COCs 的更大项目的一部分，对用于饮用水的处理过的二级废水中的碘造影剂化合物（ICM）进行了分析。ICM 是最广泛使用的血管内药物，已知在水环镜中持久存在。使用直接注射液相色谱串联质谱（DI-LC-MS/MS）方法监测了来自澳大利亚西部珀斯的三个主要污水处理厂的二级处理废水。此外，还分析了作为含水层补给试验第一步建造的中试厂的经过 MF 和 RO 处理的三级水。2007 年收集的结果表明，MF/RO 处理能够将 ICM 去除到低于分析检测限以下，计算出 RO 的平均去除率大于 92%。初步健康风险评估表明，在废水中观察到的浓度下，人类面临的风险可以忽略不计。
