Facultad de Quimica, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Mexico, Toluca, Mexico.
J Environ Sci Health B. 2010 Apr;45(3):214-21. doi: 10.1080/03601231003613575.
The correlation of predicted environmental concentrations (PEC) with cholinesterase activity inhibition detected in soil extracts was determined. PEC was derived from organophosphate (OP) and carbamate (CA) compounds applied to a flower crop area. Samples of surface soil (0 - 30 cm in depth) and subsurface soil (30 to 60 cm in depth) were taken from a flower crop area in which OP pesticides such as acephate ((RS)-N-[methoxy(methylthio)phosphinoyl]acetamide), dimethoate (2-dimethoxyphosphinothioylthio-N-methylacetamide) and methyl parathion (O,O-dimethyl O-4-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate), and CA pesticides such as carbendazim (methyl benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate), carbofuran (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethylbenzofuran-7-yl methylcarbamate) and methomyl (S-methyl (EZ)-N-(methylcarbamoyloxy) thioacetimidate) were applied for two years. Weekly loads of these pesticides were registered to estimate the annual load of each compound. Physicochemical analysis and relative inhibition of cholinesterasic activity were measured for each soil sample. PEC values were estimated with Pesticide Analytical Model (PESTAN), a leach model, for each pesticide using soil sample data obtained from physicochemical analysis. From all pesticides tested, only acephate and methomyl showed a significant correlation (p < 0.01) between PEC values and inhibition cholinesterase activity of soil extracts. These results suggest that inhibition of cholinesterase activity observed in soil extracts is produced mainly by these two pesticides. Further studies could be developed to measure acephate and methomyl concentrations to reduce their environmental impact.
测定了预测的环境浓度（PEC）与土壤提取物中胆碱酯酶活性抑制之间的相关性。PEC 是从施用于花卉作物区的有机磷（OP）和氨基甲酸酯（CA）化合物中得出的。从一个花卉作物区采集了表层土壤（0-30 厘米深）和亚表层土壤（30-60 厘米深）的样本，该作物区曾施用过 OP 类农药，如乙酰甲胺磷（（RS）-N-[甲氧基（甲基硫代）膦酰基]乙酰胺）、乐果（2-二甲氧基膦硫酰基硫代-N-甲基乙酰胺）和甲基对硫磷（O,O-二甲基-O-4-硝基苯基硫代膦酸酯），以及 CA 类农药，如多菌灵（苯并咪唑-2-基氨基甲酸甲酯）、克百威（2,3-二氢-2,2-二甲基苯并呋喃-7-基甲基氨基甲酸酯）和灭多威（S-甲基（EZ）-N-（甲氨基甲酰氧基）硫代乙酰胺），这些农药已连续施用过两年。每周登记这些农药的用量，以估算每种化合物的年用量。对每个土壤样本进行了理化分析和相对胆碱酯酶活性抑制的测量。使用从理化分析获得的土壤样本数据，通过农药分析模型（PESTAN），即淋溶模型，为每种农药估算了 PEC 值。在所测试的所有农药中，只有乙酰甲胺磷和灭多威的土壤提取物 PEC 值与抑制胆碱酯酶活性之间存在显著相关性（p<0.01）。这些结果表明，土壤提取物中观察到的胆碱酯酶活性抑制主要是由这两种农药引起的。可以开展进一步的研究来测量乙酰甲胺磷和灭多威的浓度，以减少其对环境的影响。
