Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, UCL, London, UK.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2010 Mar;1191:62-88. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05444.x.
In this review of 100 fMRI studies of speech comprehension and production, published in 2009, activation is reported for: prelexical speech perception in bilateral superior temporal gyri; meaningful speech in middle and inferior temporal cortex; semantic retrieval in the left angular gyrus and pars orbitalis; and sentence comprehension in bilateral superior temporal sulci. For incomprehensible sentences, activation increases in four inferior frontal regions, posterior planum temporale, and ventral supramarginal gyrus. These effects are associated with the use of prior knowledge of semantic associations, word sequences, and articulation that predict the content of the sentence. Speech production activates the same set of regions as speech comprehension but in addition, activation is reported for: word retrieval in left middle frontal cortex; articulatory planning in the left anterior insula; the initiation and execution of speech in left putamen, pre-SMA, SMA, and motor cortex; and for suppressing unintended responses in the anterior cingulate and bilateral head of caudate nuclei. Anatomical and functional connectivity studies are now required to identify the processing pathways that integrate these areas to support language.
在这篇综述中，作者回顾了 2009 年发表的 100 项关于语言理解和产生的 fMRI 研究，报告了以下结果：双侧颞上回的前词汇语音感知；中颞叶和下颞叶的有意义语音；左角回和眶额部的语义检索；双侧颞上回的句子理解。对于难以理解的句子，四个额下回区域、后颞极和腹侧缘上回的激活增加。这些效应与使用语义联想、单词序列和发音的先验知识有关，这些知识可以预测句子的内容。言语产生激活了与言语理解相同的一组区域，但除此之外，还报告了左额中回的词汇检索、左前岛叶的发音计划、左壳核、前 SMA、SMA 和运动皮层的言语启动和执行，以及在前扣带和双侧尾状核头部抑制非预期反应。现在需要进行解剖和功能连接研究，以确定整合这些区域以支持语言的处理途径。
