This in vitro study evaluated the effects of the different endodontic posts and surface conditioning on the fracture resistance and fracture modes of endodontically treated teeth. The experimental groups consisted of zirconia ceramic post with a glasss-ceramic core [A], zirconia ceramic post with a composite core [B], glass fiber composite post (FRC) with a composite core [C], and titanium post with a composite core [D]. All posts in these groups were cemented with self-adhesive resin cement (Rely X Unicem Aplicap) combination with tribochemical silica coating (TSC). Groups E, F, G and H comprised the same post-and-core materials as the first 4 groups but cemented with the same resin cement without TSC. Specimens were subjected to thermal cycling between 5 degrees C and 55 degrees C for a total of 5000 cycles with 30s per cycle. Static load was applied to the palatal surface of each specimen until they were fractured. Statistical analysis was conducted using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by post-hoc comparisons (Tukey). The fracture resistance was significantly affected by the post material (P < 0.001) and surface conditioning (P < 0.001; two-way ANOVA). The application of TSC to post surface decreased the fracture resistance of zirconia ceramic post with composite core (p=0.002; Tukey) and glass FRC post with composite core (p=0.029; Tukey). No catastrophic failure was observed for groups B, C, D, E, F and G. Under the testing conditions used, the titanium post/composite core that had been silicoated exhibited the highest fracture resistance.