Sunlight, Nutrition, and Health Research Center (SUNARC), P.O. Box 641603, San Francisco, CA 94164-1603, USA.
J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2010 Jul;121(1-2):456-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2010.03.089. Epub 2010 Apr 14.
A large and rapidly expanding body of scientific literature exists on the roles of vitamin D in maintaining optimal health and reducing the risk of chronic and infectious diseases. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels for optimal health are in the range of 100-150 nmol/L; mean population values in The Netherlands are around 50-63 nmol/L. Health problems for which there exists good observational evidence and some randomized controlled trial evidence that vitamin D reduces risk include many types of cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, bacterial and viral infections, autoimmune diseases, osteoporosis, falls and fractures, dementia, congestive heart failure, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Reductions in incidence and mortality rates for various diseases and all-cause mortality rates can be determined from ecological, observational and cross-sectional studies and randomized controlled trials. For The Netherlands, raising mean serum 25(OH)D levels to 105 nmol/L is estimated to reduce specific disease rates by 10-50% and all-cause mortality rates by 18%. To raise serum 25(OH)D levels by this amount, inhabitants in The Netherlands would have to increase vitamin D production or oral intake by 2500-4000 IU/day. Doing so would pose only minimal increased risks of melanoma or skin cancer or hypercalcemia.
大量且不断增长的科学文献表明维生素 D 在维持最佳健康和降低慢性及传染病风险方面发挥着重要作用。血清 25-羟维生素 D [25(OH)D] 水平处于 100-150nmol/L 时可实现最佳健康；荷兰的平均人口水平约为 50-63nmol/L。有充分观察性证据和一些随机对照试验证据表明维生素 D 可降低风险的健康问题包括多种癌症、心血管疾病、糖尿病、细菌和病毒感染、自身免疫性疾病、骨质疏松症、跌倒和骨折、痴呆、充血性心力衰竭以及不良妊娠结局。从生态、观察性和横断面研究以及随机对照试验中可以确定各种疾病的发病率和死亡率以及全因死亡率的降低。对于荷兰，估计将平均血清 25(OH)D 水平提高到 105nmol/L 可将特定疾病的发病率降低 10-50%，全因死亡率降低 18%。要将血清 25(OH)D 水平提高到这一水平，荷兰居民需将维生素 D 产量或口服摄入量增加 2500-4000IU/天。这样做只会增加极少量患黑素瘤或皮肤癌或高钙血症的风险。
