College of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-1122, USA.
Addiction. 2010 Mar;105(3):536-42. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02803.x.
To examine the extent to which genetic factors and shared and non-shared environmental factors are implicated in the development of gambling behaviors and to examine whether there are gender differences in the genetic and environmental contributors to gambling behaviors.
A genetically informative analysis was performed by using DeFries-Fulker (DF) analysis.
Analysis of secondary data drawn from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health).
A total of 324 monozygotic (MZ) twins and 278 same-sex dizygotic (DZ) twins were included in the analysis. Of these twins, there were 150 male MZ twins, 144 male DZ twins, 174 female MZ twins and 134 female DZ twins.
Gambling behavior was measured through eight self-reported questions that tapped a range of items designed to measure problems related to gambling. Self-reported measures of self-control and delinquent involvement were also included to examine the degree to which these factors covaried with gambling behavior.
The results of the DF analysis indicated that when male and female twin pairs were analyzed simultaneously, genetic factors explained approximately 70% of the variance in gambling and non-shared environmental factors explained the remaining variance. When gender-specific models were calculated, substantial gender differences emerged. For males, genetic factors explained approximately 85% of the variance in gambling, with the non-shared environment accounting for the remaining variance. For females, genetic factors explained none of the variance in gambling behaviors, while the shared environment explained 45% of the variance and the non-shared environment explained 55% of the variance.
Analysis of twins from the Add Health data suggests that there are significant gender differences in the genetic and environmental underpinnings to gambling behaviors.
探讨遗传因素以及共同和非共同环境因素在赌博行为发展中的作用，并检验赌博行为的遗传和环境因素是否存在性别差异。
采用 DeFries-Fulker（DF）分析进行遗传信息分析。
对来自国家青少年健康纵向研究（Add Health）的二次数据进行分析。
共有 324 对同卵（MZ）双胞胎和 278 对同性别异卵（DZ）双胞胎纳入分析。这些双胞胎中包括 150 对男性 MZ 双胞胎、144 对男性 DZ 双胞胎、174 对女性 MZ 双胞胎和 134 对女性 DZ 双胞胎。
通过八项自我报告的问题来衡量赌博行为，这些问题旨在衡量与赌博相关的一系列问题。还包括自我控制和犯罪行为的自我报告测量，以检验这些因素与赌博行为的相关性。
DF 分析的结果表明，当同时分析男性和女性双胞胎时，遗传因素解释了赌博行为约 70%的方差，非共同环境因素解释了剩余的方差。当计算性别特异性模型时，出现了显著的性别差异。对于男性，遗传因素解释了赌博行为约 85%的方差，非共同环境因素解释了剩余的方差。对于女性，遗传因素对赌博行为的方差没有任何解释，而共同环境因素解释了 45%的方差，非共同环境因素解释了 55%的方差。
来自 Add Health 数据的双胞胎分析表明，赌博行为的遗传和环境基础存在显著的性别差异。
