Hamilton Kristen R, Sinha Rajita, Potenza Marc N
Center for Addictions, Personality, and Emotion Research, Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, 2103 Cole Field House, College Park, MD 20742, United States.
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 1 Church Street, New Haven, CT 06511, United States; Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 230 S. Frontage Road, New Haven, CT 06520, United States; Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 1 Church Street, New Haven, CT 06511, United States.
Addict Behav. 2014 Nov;39(11):1557-1564. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.01.003. Epub 2014 Jan 22.
Stress has been associated with poor self-control. Individual differences in impulsivity and other behavioral tendencies may influence the relationship of stress with self-control, although this possibility has not been examined to date. The present research investigated whether cumulative stress is associated with poor self-control, and whether this relationship is mediated by impulsivity, behavioral approach, and behavioral inhibition in men and women. A community sample of 566 adults (319 women and 247 men) was assessed on the Cumulative Adversity Interview, Brief Self-control Scale, Barratt Impulsivity Scale, and Behavioral Activation System and Behavioral Inhibition System Scale (BIS/BAS). Data were analyzed using regression and bootstrapping techniques. In the total sample, the effects of cumulative stress on self-control were mediated by impulsivity. Neither behavioral inhibition nor behavioral approach mediated the association between cumulative stress and self-control in the total sample. Results were similar when men and women were considered separately, with impulsivity, but not behavioral inhibition or approach, mediating the association between cumulative stress and self-control. Impulsive individuals might benefit preferentially from interventions focusing on stress management and strategies for improving self-control.
压力与自我控制能力差有关。冲动性和其他行为倾向的个体差异可能会影响压力与自我控制之间的关系，尽管迄今为止尚未对此可能性进行研究。本研究调查了累积压力是否与自我控制能力差有关，以及这种关系是否由男性和女性的冲动性、行为趋近和行为抑制所介导。对566名成年人（319名女性和247名男性）的社区样本进行了累积逆境访谈、简短自我控制量表、巴拉特冲动性量表以及行为激活系统和行为抑制系统量表（BIS/BAS）的评估。使用回归和自抽样技术对数据进行了分析。在总样本中，累积压力对自我控制的影响由冲动性介导。在总样本中，行为抑制和行为趋近均未介导累积压力与自我控制之间的关联。当分别考虑男性和女性时，结果相似，冲动性而非行为抑制或行为趋近介导了累积压力与自我控制之间的关联。冲动的个体可能会从侧重于压力管理和改善自我控制策略的干预措施中优先受益。
