Institute for Healthcare Studies, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ilinois, USA.
Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2010 Apr;104(4):299-306. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2009.11.047.
Little attention has been given to exposure to crime as a possible socioenvironmental contributor to variability in urban childhood asthma prevalence.
To determine the association of violent crime, property crime, and drug abuse violations with childhood asthma prevalence in Chicago.
In 2003-2005, the Chicago Initiative to Raise Asthma Health Equity conducted an asthma screening survey of children in grades K to 8 attending Chicago public and Catholic schools. Crime data were obtained from the Chicago Police Department. In addition to simple regression analysis, multilevel logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the effect of criminal activity on neighborhood asthma variance.
Of the surveys returned, 45,371 (93%) were geocoded into 247 neighborhoods. Neighborhoods were divided into quartile groups by mean asthma prevalence (9%, 12%, 17%, and 22%). Criminal activity (annual incidence per 100,000 people) was significantly higher (P < .001) in neighborhoods with a high asthma prevalence, especially drug abuse violations, which increased more than 6-fold (461 vs 2,921), and violent crimes, which increased more than 3-fold (448 vs 1,566). After adjusting for community race/ethnicity, only violent crime continued to be significantly associated with the neighborhood asthma prevalence (odds ratio, 1.27; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-1.55, P < .05). When considered alongside sociodemographic and individual characteristics, violence continued to contribute significantly (P < .05), explaining 15% of neighborhood variation in childhood asthma.
Evidence suggests an association between violent crime and childhood asthma prevalence in Chicago. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms that underlie this association may lend insight into potential interventions to address urban asthma.
很少有人关注犯罪暴露，作为城市儿童哮喘患病率变化的一个可能的社会环境因素。
确定在芝加哥，暴力犯罪、财产犯罪和药物滥用违规行为与儿童哮喘患病率之间的关联。
2003-2005 年，芝加哥提高哮喘健康公平倡议对在芝加哥公立和天主教学校就读 K-8 年级的儿童进行了哮喘筛查调查。犯罪数据来自芝加哥警察局。除了简单回归分析外，还进行了多水平逻辑回归分析，以估计犯罪活动对邻里哮喘差异的影响。
回收的调查中，45371 份（93%）被地理编码到 247 个邻里。根据平均哮喘患病率（9%、12%、17%和 22%）将邻里分为四分位数组。犯罪活动（每 10 万人的年发生率）在哮喘患病率较高的邻里中显著较高（P <.001），特别是药物滥用违规行为，增加了 6 倍以上（461 比 2921），暴力犯罪增加了 3 倍以上（448 比 1566）。在调整社区种族/民族后，只有暴力犯罪与邻里哮喘患病率仍显著相关（比值比，1.27；95%置信区间，1.04-1.55，P <.05）。当与社会人口统计学和个体特征一起考虑时，暴力犯罪仍然有显著贡献（P <.05），解释了儿童哮喘的 15%的邻里差异。
有证据表明，在芝加哥，暴力犯罪与儿童哮喘患病率之间存在关联。更深入地了解这种关联的潜在机制，可能有助于为解决城市哮喘问题提供潜在的干预措施。
