微小 RNA，宏观调控：miRNA 加工的调控。
MicroRNAs, macrocontrol: regulation of miRNA processing.
机构信息
Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
出版信息
RNA. 2010 Jun;16(6):1087-95. doi: 10.1261/rna.1804410. Epub 2010 Apr 27.
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a set of small, non-protein-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Maturation of miRNAs comprises several regulated steps resulting in approximately 22-nucleotide single-stranded mature miRNAs. Regulation of miRNA expression can occur both at the transcriptional level and at the post-transcriptional level during miRNA processing. Recent studies have elucidated specific aspects of the well-regulated nature of miRNA processing involving various regulatory proteins, editing of miRNA transcripts, and cellular location. In addition, single nucleotide polymorphisms in miRNA genes can also affect the processing efficiency of primary miRNA transcripts. In this review we present an overview of the currently known regulatory pathways of miRNA processing and provide a basis to understand how aberrant miRNA processing may arise and may be involved in pathophysiological conditions such as cancer.
摘要
微 RNA（miRNA）是一组小型的非编码 RNA，可在转录后水平调控基因表达。miRNA 的成熟过程包括几个受调控的步骤，最终产生约 22 个核苷酸的单链成熟 miRNA。miRNA 表达的调控可以发生在转录水平，也可以发生在 miRNA 加工过程中的转录后水平。最近的研究阐明了 miRNA 加工的精确调控性质的具体方面，涉及各种调节蛋白、miRNA 转录本的编辑以及细胞定位。此外，miRNA 基因中的单核苷酸多态性也会影响初级 miRNA 转录本的加工效率。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了 miRNA 加工的当前已知调控途径，并为理解异常 miRNA 加工如何产生以及如何参与癌症等病理生理状况提供了基础。
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