Department of Medical Rehabilitation;
Int J Gen Med. 2008 Nov 30;1:33-40. doi: 10.2147/ijgm.s3643.
Studies on cardiovascular risks in relation to anthropometric factors are limited in Sub-Sahara Africa. The aims of this study were to examine the relationship between anthropometric parameters and blood pressure; and to evaluate body mass index (BMI) across the range of underweight and obesity as a primary risk factor of hypertension in adult Nigerians.
2097 adults aged between 20 and 100 years consented and participated in this door-to-door survey. All participants underwent blood pressure and anthropometric measurements using standard procedures. The population study was separated in normotensive and hypertensive males and females and the possible risk for hypertension were categorized into different classes of value based on BMI definition.
The relative risks (odds ratio [OR] and 95% confidence interval [CI]) of developing hypertension among the obese compared with the underweight, normal weight, and overweight persons were (OR 5.75; CI 5.67-5.83), (OR 1.73; CI 1.65-1.81), and (OR 1.54; CI 1.46-1.62) for all the participants, respectively. Among obese (BMI >/= 30.0 Kg/m(2)) males, the OR for hypertension was three times (OR 2.78; CI 2.76-2.80) that of normal weight (BMI >/= 18.5-24.9 Kg/m(2)) males. Females with obesity had a risk of hypertension three times (OR 3.34; CI 3.33-3.35) that of normal weight females.
Our results indicated that the there was a significant positive correlation of obesity indicator with blood pressure. In Nigeria, we found a strong gradient between higher BMI and increased risk of hypertension among all ages. Approaches to reduce the risk of hypertension may include prevention of overweight and obesity.
在撒哈拉以南非洲，有关人体测量因素与心血管风险的研究有限。本研究旨在探讨人体测量参数与血压之间的关系；并评估体质指数（BMI）在从体重过轻到肥胖的整个范围内作为尼日利亚成年人高血压的主要危险因素的情况。
2097 名年龄在 20 至 100 岁之间的成年人同意并参与了这项入户调查。所有参与者均接受了血压和人体测量测量，采用标准程序。根据 BMI 定义，将人群研究分为正常血压和高血压的男性和女性，并将高血压的可能风险分为不同类别的值。
与体重过轻、正常体重和超重的人相比，肥胖者患高血压的相对风险（比值比[OR]和 95%置信区间[CI]）分别为（OR 5.75；CI 5.67-5.83）、（OR 1.73；CI 1.65-1.81）和（OR 1.54；CI 1.46-1.62）。对于所有参与者，肥胖（BMI≥30.0 Kg/m²）男性的高血压 OR 是正常体重（BMI≥18.5-24.9 Kg/m²）男性的三倍（OR 2.78；CI 2.76-2.80）。肥胖女性患高血压的风险是正常体重女性的三倍（OR 3.34；CI 3.33-3.35）。
我们的结果表明，肥胖指标与血压之间存在显著的正相关。在尼日利亚，我们发现 BMI 越高，各年龄段高血压的风险越高，两者之间存在很强的梯度。降低高血压风险的方法可能包括预防超重和肥胖。
