Mracek J, Choc M, Mracek Z
Neurochirurgické oddelení FN Plzen.
Rozhl Chir. 2010 Feb;89(2):109-12.
Decompressive craniotomy is usually carried out using decompressive craniectomy (osteoclastic decompressive craniotomy) when the bone flap is removed. In situations when the level of expansion does not call for decomopressive craniectomy, we do not remove the bone flap and we perform osteoplastic decompressive craniotomy. The indication is based on assessment and cross correlation of the following parameters: intracranial pressure,midline shift and the number of pathologies on CT, actual influence of antiedematous therapy, expected cerebral oedema progression and especially according to the size of the dural defect after duratomy. In the course of osteoplastic decompressive craniotomy, decompression is secured by the elevation of the unfixed bone flap during cerebral tissue expansion. After the oedema regression, the elevated bone flap spontaneously drops to its original position and is reattached. The danger of bone plate depression is eliminated with the use of a bevel bone cut using a Gigli saw. Osteoplastic decompressive craniotomy is an effective method of treating brain oedema when the degree of expansion does not require decompressive craniectomy.
减压性开颅术通常在去除骨瓣时采用减压颅骨切除术(破骨性减压性开颅术)进行。在扩张程度不需要进行减压颅骨切除术的情况下,我们不切除骨瓣,而是进行骨成形性减压性开颅术。其指征基于对以下参数的评估和相互关联:颅内压、中线移位以及CT上的病变数量、抗水肿治疗的实际效果、预期的脑水肿进展情况,尤其是根据硬脑膜切开术后硬脑膜缺损的大小。在骨成形性减压性开颅术过程中,通过在脑组织扩张时抬起未固定的骨瓣来确保减压。水肿消退后,抬起的骨瓣会自动落回原位并重新固定。使用Gigli锯进行斜角骨切开可消除骨板凹陷的风险。当扩张程度不需要减压颅骨切除术时,骨成形性减压性开颅术是治疗脑水肿的有效方法。