Fox P C, Atkinson J C, Macynski A A, Wolff A, Kung D S, Valdez I H, Jackson W, Delapenha R A, Shiroky J, Baum B J
Clinical Investigations and Patient Care Branch, National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.
Arch Intern Med. 1991 Jun;151(6):1149-52.
We studied the effects of pilocarpine hydrochloride, a para-sympathomimetic agent, on major salivary gland output and subjective responses in 31 patients with salivary hypofunction. Pilocarpine hydrochloride (5-mg capsules, three times daily) was given for 5 months and a placebo was randomly assigned for 1 month in a double-blind fashion. Objective measurements of major salivary gland output, subjective impressions of oral moisture, treatment-related side effects, and a number of physiologic measures were assessed monthly. Pilocarpine significantly increased salivary output in 21 of the 31 patients. Subjective improvement in the feeling of oral dryness, speaking, chewing, and swallowing were reported by 27 individuals. Side effects, while common, generally were mild and tolerable. There were no significant alterations in cardiovascular or other physiologic measures. We conclude that pilocarpine is an effective and safe treatment for salivary gland hypofunction and xerostomia in selected patients. The increase in major gland output provides beneficial natural secretions and relief of oral dryness.
我们研究了拟副交感神经药盐酸毛果芸香碱对31例唾液腺功能减退患者主要唾液腺分泌量及主观反应的影响。采用双盲法，给予盐酸毛果芸香碱（5毫克胶囊，每日3次），持续5个月，随机给予安慰剂1个月。每月评估主要唾液腺分泌量的客观测量值、口腔湿润度的主观感受、与治疗相关的副作用以及多项生理指标。31例患者中有21例唾液分泌量显著增加。27例患者报告口干、说话、咀嚼及吞咽等方面的主观感觉有所改善。副作用虽然常见，但一般较轻且可耐受。心血管或其他生理指标无显著变化。我们得出结论，盐酸毛果芸香碱对部分患者的唾液腺功能减退和口干症是一种有效且安全的治疗方法。主要唾液腺分泌量的增加可提供有益的自然分泌物并缓解口腔干燥。
