Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
J Epidemiol. 2010;20(3):231-6. doi: 10.2188/jea.je20081045. Epub 2010 Apr 20.
The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors for horizontal transmission of hepatitis B infection due to intravenous drug abuse (IVDA), tattooing, blood transfusion, and combinations of these risk factors.
All people detained in 19 prisons were invited to participate. Subjects underwent a physical examination and completed a questionnaire. Blood samples were collected and screened for hepatitis B surface antigen and Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) reactivity.
A total of 16 204 prisoners were invited to participate. The response rate was 92.6% and the mean age was 29.73 years. The overall prevalence of HBsAg positivity was 21.7%. Among 3333 subjects with a history of blood transfusion, the carrier rate was 23.19%. Among the 3071 subjects with a history of IVDA and the 6908 subjects with tattoos, the carrier rate was 26.4% and 29.3%, respectively. IVDA appeared to be the strongest risk factor among the 3, with an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 1.54 (95% confidence interval, 1.27-1.86), followed by tattooing (1.40, 1.23-1.55), and blood transfusion (1.27, 1.05-1.61). When blood transfusion was combined with either of the other 2 risk factors, the risk increased multiplicatively, and the combination of the 3 factors increased the AOR to 2.76 (2.20-3.47). The prevalence of a positive VDRL test result was 1.01%.
The prevalence of HBV antigenemia in prisoners was high and was associated with BT, IVDA, and tattooing. A national vaccination program against HBV should be considered for prisoners and other people with these risk factors.
本研究旨在确定因静脉药物滥用（IVDA）、纹身、输血以及这些危险因素组合导致乙型肝炎感染水平传播的流行率和危险因素。
邀请所有被监禁在 19 所监狱中的人员参与。研究对象接受体格检查并完成问卷。采集血样并筛查乙型肝炎表面抗原和性病研究实验室（VDRL）反应性。
共有 16204 名囚犯受邀参加。应答率为 92.6%，平均年龄为 29.73 岁。HBsAg 阳性率总体为 21.7%。在有输血史的 3333 名研究对象中，携带率为 23.19%。在有 IVDA 史的 3071 名研究对象和有纹身史的 6908 名研究对象中，携带率分别为 26.4%和 29.3%。IVDA 似乎是这 3 种因素中最强的危险因素，调整后的优势比（AOR）为 1.54（95%置信区间，1.27-1.86），其次是纹身（1.40，1.23-1.55）和输血（1.27，1.05-1.61）。当输血与其他 2 种危险因素中的任何一种结合时，风险会呈倍数增加，而 3 种因素的组合使 AOR 增加到 2.76（2.20-3.47）。VDRL 阳性测试结果的流行率为 1.01%。
囚犯中 HBV 抗原血症的流行率较高，与 BT、IVDA 和纹身有关。应考虑针对囚犯和其他有这些危险因素的人群实施乙型肝炎疫苗接种国家计划。
