Nusstein John M, Reader Al, Drum Melissa
Division of Endodontics, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, 305 West 12th Avenue, Room 3058, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
Dent Clin North Am. 2010 Apr;54(2):237-47. doi: 10.1016/j.cden.2009.12.003.
Attaining local anesthesia for the treatment of teeth diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis ("hot" tooth) can be a challenge. This article looks at the strategies a dentist can use to help achieve adequate pulpal anesthesia for the patient, thereby eliminating or reducing treatment pain.
对诊断为不可复性牙髓炎(“热”牙)的牙齿进行局部麻醉治疗可能具有挑战性。本文探讨了牙医可采用的策略,以帮助患者获得充分的牙髓麻醉,从而消除或减轻治疗疼痛。