Laboratory of Geochemistry, Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, 2092, Tunis El Manar, Tunisia.
Environ Monit Assess. 2011 Mar;174(1-4):283-98. doi: 10.1007/s10661-010-1457-9. Epub 2010 May 2.
Zeuss-Koutine aquifer, located in southeastern Tunisia, has been used intensively as a primary source to meet the growing needs of the various sectors. Detailed knowledge of the geochemical evolution of groundwater and water quality can enhance understanding of the hydrochemical system, promoting sustainable development and effective management of groundwater resources. To this end, a hydrochemical and statistical investigation was conducted. Groundwater samples have been collected from 13 wells from 1995 to 2005; to understand the sources of dissolved ions and assess the chemical quality of the groundwater. Results demonstrate that among the cations, only the mean concentrations of Na( + ) exceed guideline values set by the World Health Organization (WHO). Regarding the analyzed anions, the concentration of SO(2-)(4) and Cl( - ) are above the WHO allowable concentrations. Total dissolved solids in most groundwater samples are greater than 1,000 mg l(-1), the limit set by the WHO, indicating slightly saline or moderately saline water. In general, a significant increase in the degree of water mineralization was observed in the direction of southwest to northeast following the regional flow direction. Calculated saturation indices show that all water samples were oversaturated with respect to aragonite, calcite, and dolomite, and undersaturated with respect to anhydrite, gypsum, and halite. Based on hydrochemical facies, two types of water predominate in the study area. The first is Ca-Na-SO(4)-Cl in type and located in the southwest which corresponds to the recharge part of the aquifer. The second type is Na-Ca-Cl-SO(4) and located in the east, which corresponds to the discharge part.
祖斯-库蒂纳含水层位于突尼斯东南部，一直被密集地用作主要水源，以满足各部门不断增长的需求。详细了解地下水的地球化学演化和水质，可以增强对水文化学系统的理解，促进地下水资源的可持续发展和有效管理。为此，进行了水文地球化学和统计调查。从 1995 年到 2005 年，从 13 口井中采集了地下水样本；以了解溶解离子的来源并评估地下水的化学质量。结果表明，在阳离子中，只有 Na( +)的平均浓度超过世界卫生组织 (WHO) 设定的指导值。关于分析的阴离子，SO(2-)(4)和 Cl( -)的浓度高于 WHO 的允许浓度。大多数地下水样本中的总溶解固体大于 1000mg l(-1)，这是 WHO 设定的限值，表明水略带咸味或中度咸味。总的来说，在区域流向的西南到东北方向，水矿化程度显著增加。计算的饱和度指数表明，所有水样相对于文石、方解石和白云石均过饱和，相对于硬石膏、石膏和石盐则不饱和。根据水化学相，研究区主要存在两种类型的水。第一种是 Ca-Na-SO(4)-Cl 型，位于西南部，对应含水层的补给区。第二种是 Na-Ca-Cl-SO(4)型，位于东部，对应排泄区。
