Nutrition and Epigenetics Group, Rowett Institute of Nutrition & Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB21 9SB, Scotland, United Kingdom.
Annu Rev Nutr. 2010 Aug 21;30:237-55. doi: 10.1146/annurev.nutr.012809.104742.
Deposition of fat in the fetus increases exponentially with gestational age, reaching its maximal rate-around 7 g/day or 90% of energy deposition-at term. In late pregnancy, many women consuming contemporary Western diets may not be able to meet the fetal demand for n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) from the diet alone. Numerous mechanisms have evolved to protect human offspring from extreme variation or deficiency in the maternal diet during pregnancy. Maternal adipose tissue is an important source of LCPUFA. Temporal changes in placental function are synchronized with maternal metabolic and physiological changes to ensure a continuous supply of n-3 and n-6 LCPUFA-enriched fat to the fetus. LCPUFA storage in fetal adipose tissue provides an important source of LCPUFA during the critical first months of postnatal life. An appreciation of these adaptations is important in any nutritional strategy designed to improve the availability of fatty acids to the fetus.
胎儿脂肪的沉积随胎龄呈指数增长，在足月时达到最快速度——每天约 7 克或能量沉积的 90%。在妊娠后期，许多食用当代西方饮食的妇女可能无法仅从饮食中满足胎儿对 n-3 长链多不饱和脂肪酸（LCPUFA）的需求。许多机制已经进化，以保护人类后代免受妊娠期间母体饮食中极端变化或缺乏的影响。母体脂肪组织是 LCPUFA 的重要来源。胎盘功能的时间变化与母体代谢和生理变化同步，以确保向胎儿持续供应富含 n-3 和 n-6 LCPUFA 的脂肪。胎儿脂肪组织中的 LCPUFA 储存为新生儿生命的头几个月提供了 LCPUFA 的重要来源。了解这些适应性对于旨在提高脂肪酸对胎儿可用性的任何营养策略都很重要。
