Adams Colby, Riggs Philip, Volckens John
Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
J Environ Monit. 2009 Jul;11(7):1331-9. doi: 10.1039/b903841h. Epub 2009 Jun 3.
This work describes the development and evaluation of a high resolution, space and time-referenced sampling method for personal exposure assessment to airborne particulate matter (PM). This method integrates continuous measures of personal PM levels with the corresponding location-activity (i.e. work/school, home, transit) of the subject. Monitoring equipment include a small, portable global positioning system (GPS) receiver, a miniature aerosol nephelometer, and an ambient temperature monitor to estimate the location, time, and magnitude of personal exposure to particulate matter air pollution. Precision and accuracy of each component, as well as the integrated method performance were tested in a combination of laboratory and field tests. Spatial data was apportioned into pre-determined location-activity categories (i.e. work/school, home, transit) with a simple, temporospatially-based algorithm. The apportioning algorithm was extremely effective with an overall accuracy of 99.6%. This method allows examination of an individual's estimated exposure through space and time, which may provide new insights into exposure-activity relationships not possible with traditional exposure assessment techniques (i.e., time-integrated, filter-based measurements). Furthermore, the method is applicable to any contaminant or stressor that can be measured on an individual with a direct-reading sensor.
这项工作描述了一种用于个人空气颗粒物（PM）暴露评估的高分辨率、空间和时间参考采样方法的开发与评估。该方法将个人PM水平的连续测量与受试者相应的地点 - 活动（即工作/学校、家庭、交通）相结合。监测设备包括一个小型便携式全球定位系统（GPS）接收器、一个微型气溶胶浊度仪和一个环境温度监测器，以估计个人对颗粒物空气污染的暴露地点、时间和程度。在实验室和现场测试相结合的情况下，对每个组件的精度和准确性以及综合方法性能进行了测试。利用一种基于时空的简单算法，将空间数据分配到预先确定的地点 - 活动类别（即工作/学校、家庭、交通）中。该分配算法非常有效，总体准确率为99.6%。这种方法允许通过空间和时间检查个人的估计暴露情况，这可能为传统暴露评估技术（即时间积分、基于过滤器的测量）无法实现的暴露 - 活动关系提供新的见解。此外，该方法适用于任何可以通过直读传感器在个体上进行测量的污染物或应激源。
