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对一部十三世纪意大利旧手稿上栖息的微生物进行分子和微观研究。

Molecular and microscopical investigation of the microflora inhabiting a deteriorated Italian manuscript dated from the thirteenth century.

机构信息

Department of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, Vienna, Austria.

出版信息

Microb Ecol. 2010 Jul;60(1):69-80. doi: 10.1007/s00248-010-9667-9. Epub 2010 May 7.

DOI:10.1007/s00248-010-9667-9
PMID:20449583
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2917558/
Abstract

This case study shows the application of nontraditional diagnostic methods to investigate the microbial consortia inhabiting an ancient manuscript. The manuscript was suspected to be biologically deteriorated and SEM observations showed the presence of fungal spores attached to fibers, but classic culturing methods did not succeed in isolating microbial contaminants. Therefore, molecular methods, including PCR, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), and clone libraries, were used as a sensitive alternative to conventional cultivation techniques. DGGE fingerprints revealed a high biodiversity of both bacteria and fungi inhabiting the manuscript. DNA sequence analysis confirmed the existence of fungi and bacteria in manuscript samples. A number of fungal clones identified on the manuscript showed similarity to fungal species inhabiting dry or saline environments, suggesting that the manuscript environment selects for osmophilic or xerophilic fungal species. Most of the bacterial sequences retrieved from the manuscript belong to phylotypes with cellulolytic activities.

摘要

本案例研究展示了非传统诊断方法在研究古代手稿中栖息的微生物群落的应用。该手稿被怀疑发生了生物性恶化，扫描电子显微镜观察显示纤维上附着有真菌孢子，但经典的培养方法未能成功分离出微生物污染物。因此，分子方法，包括 PCR、变性梯度凝胶电泳（DGGE）和克隆文库，被用作传统培养技术的敏感替代方法。DGGE 指纹图谱显示，栖息在手稿中的细菌和真菌具有高度的多样性。DNA 序列分析证实了手稿样本中真菌和细菌的存在。从手稿中鉴定出的一些真菌克隆与栖息在干燥或咸水环境中的真菌物种具有相似性，这表明手稿环境选择了嗜盐或耐旱的真菌物种。从手稿中获取的大多数细菌序列属于具有纤维素酶活性的类群。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4a64/2917558/f43c5fdc3c2c/248_2010_9667_Fig8_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4a64/2917558/a82113e23541/248_2010_9667_Fig1_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4a64/2917558/577a74c8b729/248_2010_9667_Fig2_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4a64/2917558/10e5110b82d4/248_2010_9667_Fig3_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4a64/2917558/6088ab5aa511/248_2010_9667_Fig4_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4a64/2917558/fdac9ba96cc0/248_2010_9667_Fig5_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4a64/2917558/73704558d23f/248_2010_9667_Fig6_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4a64/2917558/92fbfd7cab75/248_2010_9667_Fig7_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4a64/2917558/f43c5fdc3c2c/248_2010_9667_Fig8_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4a64/2917558/a82113e23541/248_2010_9667_Fig1_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4a64/2917558/577a74c8b729/248_2010_9667_Fig2_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4a64/2917558/10e5110b82d4/248_2010_9667_Fig3_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4a64/2917558/6088ab5aa511/248_2010_9667_Fig4_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4a64/2917558/fdac9ba96cc0/248_2010_9667_Fig5_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4a64/2917558/73704558d23f/248_2010_9667_Fig6_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4a64/2917558/92fbfd7cab75/248_2010_9667_Fig7_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4a64/2917558/f43c5fdc3c2c/248_2010_9667_Fig8_HTML.jpg

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