Environmental Evaluation Unit, Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa.
Environ Manage. 2011 Apr;47(4):573-83. doi: 10.1007/s00267-010-9499-x. Epub 2010 May 7.
A historical perspective on MPA identification and governance in South Africa reflects the continued influence of a top-down and natural science-based paradigm, that has hardly changed over the past half century, despite the wealth of literature, and a growing consensus, that advocates the need to adopt a more integrated and human-centered approach. Based on extensive research in two coastal fishing communities, the paper highlights impacts and conflicts arising from this conventional approach to MPA identification, planning and management. It argues that failure to understand the particular fishery system in all its complexity, in particular the human dimensions, and involve resource users in planning and decision-making processes, undermines efforts to achieve conservation and fisheries management objectives. The customary rights of local resource users, and their food and livelihood needs in relation to marine resources, need to be acknowledged, prioritized and integrated into planning and decision-making processes. Convincing ecologists, fisheries scientists and managers, that MPA success depends on addressing the root causes of resource decline and incorporating social factors into MPA identification, planning and management, remains a huge challenge in South Africa.
南非 MPA 识别和管理的历史视角反映了一种自上而下且基于自然科学的范式的持续影响，尽管有大量文献和越来越多的共识主张需要采取更综合和以人为中心的方法，但这种范式在过去半个世纪几乎没有改变。本文基于对两个沿海渔业社区的广泛研究，强调了这种传统的 MPA 识别、规划和管理方法所带来的影响和冲突。它认为，未能全面了解渔业系统的复杂性，特别是人类层面，以及未能让资源使用者参与规划和决策过程，破坏了实现保护和渔业管理目标的努力。当地资源使用者的习惯权利及其与海洋资源有关的食物和生计需求需要得到承认、优先考虑并纳入规划和决策过程。在南非，要让生态学家、渔业科学家和管理者相信，MPA 的成功取决于解决资源减少的根本原因，并将社会因素纳入 MPA 识别、规划和管理，这仍然是一个巨大的挑战。
