Porsolt R D, Anton G, Blavet N, Jalfre M
Eur J Pharmacol. 1978 Feb 15;47(4):379-91. doi: 10.1016/0014-2999(78)90118-8.
Rats when forced to swim in a cylinder from which they cannot escape will, after an initial period of vigorous activity, adopt a characteristic immobile posture which can be readily identified. Immobility was reduced by various clinically effective antidepressant drugs at doses which otherwise decreased spontaneous motor activity in an open field. Antidepressants could thus be distinguished from psychostimulants which decreased immobility at doses which increased general activity. Anxiolytic compounds did not affect immobility whereas major tranquilisers enhanced it. Immobility was also reduced by electroconvulsive shock, REM sleep deprivation and "enrichment" of the environment. It was concluded that immobility reflects a state of lowered mood in the rat which is selectively sensitive to antidepressant treatments. Positive findings with atypical antidepressant drugs such as iprindole and mianserin suggest that the method may be capable of discovering new antidepressants hitherto undetectable with classical pharmacological tests.
当被迫在一个无法逃脱的圆筒中游泳时，大鼠在经历一段初始的剧烈活动期后，会采取一种易于识别的特征性不动姿势。各种临床有效的抗抑郁药物在一定剂量下可减少不动时间，而这些剂量在其他情况下会降低大鼠在旷场中的自发运动活性。因此，抗抑郁药可与精神兴奋剂区分开来，精神兴奋剂在增加总体活动的剂量下会减少不动时间。抗焦虑化合物不影响不动时间，而主要的镇静剂则会增强不动时间。电休克、快速眼动睡眠剥夺和环境“丰富化”也可减少不动时间。得出的结论是，不动反映了大鼠情绪低落的状态，这种状态对抗抑郁治疗具有选择性敏感性。非典型抗抑郁药物如茚满二酮和米安色林的阳性结果表明，该方法可能能够发现经典药理学测试迄今无法检测到的新型抗抑郁药。
