Tashirev A B, Romanovskaia V A, Rokitko P V, Shilin S O, Chernaia N A, Tashireva A A
Mikrobiol Z. 2010 Mar-Apr;72(2):3-9.
Microbiological analysis has been made of 120 samples from biotopes of the western coast of the Antarctic peninsula (Rasmussen cope, Tuxen cope, Waugh mountain), Argentine archipelago islands (Galindez, Skua, Corner, Barchans, Irizar, Uruguay, Cluls, Three Little Pigs, King-George), as well as neighbouring islands (Petermann--on the north, a group of Jalour islands--on the east, Berthelot--on the south-east); and more remote islands (Darboux, Lippmann, Booth). It was found out that the total number of chemoorganotrophic aerobic microorganisms was 10(6) - 10(8) cells/g of soil, that was by 2-3 orders lower than in the regions with temperate climate. One can observe a tendency of decreasing the quantity of chemoorganotrophic microorganisms in the Antartic biotopes (cells/g of a sample) in the following order: soil (1 x 10(7) - 8 x 10(8)), underground part of moss (1 x 10(6) - 5 x 10(7)), grass Deschampsia antarctica (10(6) - 10(8), slit of fresh-water reservoir (10(5) - 10(7)), ground part of moss (10(3) - 10(6)), lichens (10(3) - 10(6)). Representatives of several phylogenetic lines: Proteobacteria (genera Pseudomonas, Methylobacterium, Enterobacter), Firmicutes (genera Bacillus, Staphylococcus), Actinobacteria (genera Brevibacterium, Actinomyces, Streptomyces) have been found in the Antarctic samples. As a rule, genera of bacteria found in the Antarctic Region are widely distributed in different regions of the Earth with temperate climate. Microorganisms similar to the species Exophiala nigra (Issatsch.) Haats et de Hoog 1999, which was first detected 100 years ago by Academician B.L. Isachenko in the Arctic region water, were also isolated from biofilms on vertical rocks of the Galindez Island as well as from the soil of the Irizar Island.
已对来自南极半岛西海岸生物群落（拉斯穆森角、图克森角、沃山）、阿根廷群岛岛屿（加林德斯岛、贼鸥岛、科纳角、新月形沙丘、伊里萨尔岛、乌拉圭岛、克卢尔斯岛、三只小猪岛、乔治王岛）以及邻近岛屿（彼得曼岛——在北面，雅卢尔群岛群——在东面，贝托洛岛——在东南面）和更偏远岛屿（达布岛、李普曼岛、布斯岛）的120个样本进行了微生物分析。结果发现，化学有机营养需氧微生物的总数为每克土壤10⁶ - 10⁸个细胞，这比温带气候地区低2 - 3个数量级。可以观察到，南极生物群落中化学有机营养微生物的数量（每克样本中的细胞数）有以下递减趋势：土壤（1×10⁷ - 8×10⁸）、苔藓地下部分（1×10⁶ - 5×10⁷）、南极发草（10⁶ - 10⁸）、淡水水库淤泥（10⁵ - 10⁷）、苔藓地上部分（10³ - 10⁶）、地衣（10³ - 10⁶）。在南极样本中发现了几个系统发育谱系的代表：变形菌门（假单胞菌属、甲基杆菌属、肠杆菌属）、厚壁菌门（芽孢杆菌属、葡萄球菌属）、放线菌门（短杆菌属、放线菌属、链霉菌属）。通常，在南极地区发现的细菌属在地球温带气候的不同地区广泛分布。还从加林德斯岛垂直岩石上的生物膜以及伊里萨尔岛的土壤中分离出了与100年前由院士B.L.伊萨琴科在北极地区水域首次检测到的黑外瓶霉（Issatsch.）Haats et de Hoog 1999相似的微生物。
