Fondation Franco Chinoise pour la Science et ses Applications, Paris, France.
J Thromb Haemost. 2010 Aug;8(8):1670-4. doi: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2010.03893.x. Epub 2010 Apr 30.
Platelet activation and blood coagulation are essential for hemostasis and contribute to a variety of other biological processes such as inflammation, complement activation and tissue repair. Factor (F)XII, originally called Hageman factor, plays an important role in the kallikrein-kinin system by activating prekallikrein. In the 1960s, a platelet activity that promoted FXII activation was identified but its biochemical nature remained unknown. Inorganic polyphosphates (poly P) are polymers that consist of many phosphate residues linked by phosphoanhydride bonds. These polymers exist in all living organisms. In bacteria, poly P is important for growth and survival. Recently, poly P has been identified in human platelet dense granules. Studied have shown that upon platelet activation and secretion, poly P activates FXII, indicating that it is most likely the elusive platelet FXII activator. Poly P also regulates coagulation and fibrinolysis. In this review, we focus on early studies of FXII and the identification of platelet FXII activation activity, and discuss recent findings of poly P in FXII activation and coagulation.
血小板激活和血液凝固对于止血至关重要，并有助于多种其他生物过程，如炎症、补体激活和组织修复。因子 (F)XII，最初称为 Hageman 因子，通过激活前激肽原在激肽释放酶-激肽系统中发挥重要作用。20 世纪 60 年代，发现了一种促进 FXII 激活的血小板活性，但它的生化性质仍然未知。无机多聚磷酸盐 (poly P) 是由通过磷酸酐键连接的许多磷酸基团组成的聚合物。这些聚合物存在于所有生物中。在细菌中，多聚 P 对于生长和存活很重要。最近，在人类血小板致密颗粒中发现了多聚 P。研究表明，血小板激活和分泌后，多聚 P 会激活 FXII，表明它很可能是难以捉摸的血小板 FXII 激活剂。多聚 P 还调节凝血和纤维蛋白溶解。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍 FXII 的早期研究和血小板 FXII 激活活性的鉴定，并讨论多聚 P 在 FXII 激活和凝血中的最新发现。
