California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Dr., Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA 94118-4503, USA.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2010 Sep;56(3):931-41. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2010.05.003. Epub 2010 May 10.
The first molecular phylogeny is presented for the highly diverse, opisthobranch molluscan Cladobranchia. This study, the most comprehensive for Cladobranchia to date, used new sequences of two mitochondrial and one nuclear genes for 95 specimens from 22 families and 38 genera with a species of Pleurobranchoidea as outgroup. Although our results do not resolve all the relationships within the Cladobranchia, there are significant findings that have implications for the systematics of the Cladobranchia. Cladobranchia represents a monophyletic group within the Nudibranchia with the exception of a clade containing species of Melibe. These species share a deletion of four codons in the COI gene that may account for their strong divergence from the remainder of the Cladobranchia. Bornellidae is the sister group to the rest of Cladobranchia, but this relationship is weakly supported. A series of well-supported clades within Cladobranchia show little structure as to their relationships to each other in the current analysis. The relationships of Tethys and Hancockidae to other Cladobranchia remain unresolved. Pseudobornella orientalis is here transferred to Dendronotus as D. orientalis. With this systematic change Bornellidae and Dendronotidae are now monophyletic. Lomanotus appears as the sister group to a monophyletic Aeolidida, but this relationship is not strongly supported. Scyllaeidae is monophyletic in this study with Scyllaea being sister taxon to Notobryon. The Proctonotidae are monophyletic and are clearly nested in the Cladobranchia. Dotoidae is monophyletic when Pinufius is included in this clade. Doriodomorpha is sister taxon to the Arminidae. Within Arminidae, Dermatobranchus and Armina, as they are presently constructed, are not monophyletic. There is an interesting potential sister group relationship between Dirona albolineata and Lemina millecra that requires additional exploration with expanded taxon sampling. In this study, Marianina rosea is nested within Tritoniidae, thus we consider Aranucidae, and its synonym Marianinidae, as a junior synonym of Tritoniidae to preserve the monophyly of Tritoniidae.
本文首次提出了高度多样化的后鳃类软体动物帘蛤目分子系统发育。本研究是迄今为止帘蛤目最全面的研究，使用了来自 22 科 38 属的 95 个标本的两个线粒体和一个核基因的新序列，以 Pleurobranchoidea 物种作为外群。尽管我们的结果并没有解决帘蛤目中的所有关系，但有一些重要的发现对帘蛤目的系统发生学有影响。帘蛤目是 Nudibranchia 的一个单系群，除了包含 Melibe 物种的一个分支外。这些物种在 COI 基因中共享四个密码子的缺失，这可能解释了它们与帘蛤目的其余部分的强烈分歧。Bornellidae 是帘蛤目的姐妹群，但这种关系支持较弱。帘蛤目中的一系列支持良好的分支显示出它们彼此之间的关系在当前分析中几乎没有结构。Tethys 和 Hancockidae 与其他帘蛤目的关系仍然没有解决。东方拟裸鳃贝（Pseudobornella orientalis）现被归入 Dendronotus 作为 D. orientalis。通过这种系统变化，Bornellidae 和 Dendronotidae 现在是单系的。Lomanotus 出现在一个单系的 Aeolidida 的姐妹群中，但这种关系没有得到强有力的支持。Scyllaeidae 在本研究中是单系的，Scyllaea 是 Notobryon 的姐妹群。Proctonotidae 是单系的，并且明确嵌套在帘蛤目中。当将 Pinufius 包括在这个分支中时，Dotoidae 是单系的。Doriodomorpha 是 Arminidae 的姐妹群。在 Arminidae 中，Dermatobranchus 和 Armina ，按照目前的构建方式，不是单系的。Dirona albolineata 和 Lemina millecra 之间存在一个有趣的潜在姐妹群关系，需要通过扩大分类群采样来进一步探索。在本研究中，Marianina rosea 嵌套在 Tritoniidae 中，因此我们认为 Aranucidae 及其同义词 Marianinidae 是 Tritoniidae 的一个初级同义词，以保持 Tritoniidae 的单系性。
