Dept. of Physiology, Queen's Univ., Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6.
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2010 Aug;299(2):R405-15. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00103.2010. Epub 2010 May 12.
To maintain homeostasis autonomic control centers in the hypothalamus and medulla must respond appropriately to both external and internal stimuli. Although protected behind the blood-brain barrier, neurons in these autonomic control centers are known to be influenced by changing levels of important signaling molecules in the systemic circulation (e.g., osmolarity, glucose concentrations, and regulatory peptides). The subfornical organ belongs to a group of specialized central nervous system structures, the circumventricular organs, which are characterized by the lack of the normal blood-brain barrier, such that circulating lipophobic substances may act on neurons within this region and via well-documented efferent neural projections to hypothalamic autonomic control centers, influence autonomic function. This review focuses on the role of the subfornical organ in sensing peripheral signals and transmitting this information to autonomic control centers in the hypothalamus.
为了维持体内平衡，下丘脑和延髓的自主控制中心必须对外界和内部刺激做出适当的反应。尽管这些自主控制中心的神经元受到血脑屏障的保护，但已知它们会受到全身循环中重要信号分子水平变化的影响（例如渗透压、葡萄糖浓度和调节肽）。室旁器官属于一组专门的中枢神经系统结构，即室周器官，其特征是缺乏正常的血脑屏障，因此循环中的亲脂性物质可能作用于该区域内的神经元，并通过有充分文献记载的传出神经投射到下丘脑自主控制中心，影响自主功能。本综述重点介绍室旁器官在感知外周信号和将信息传递到下丘脑自主控制中心方面的作用。
