Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
Clin Chest Med. 2010 Jun;31(2):371-81. doi: 10.1016/j.ccm.2010.02.014.
Narcolepsy is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, sleep paralysis, and hypnagogic/hypnapompic hallucinations. It is currently believed to be caused by a deficiency in hypocretin-producing neurons in the lateral hypothalamus. Diagnosis is by the presence of appropriate clinical symptoms and confirmation by a polysomnogram followed by a multiple sleep latency test. There are nonpharmacologic (eg, scheduled naps, following proper sleep hygiene) and symptom-directed pharmacologic (eg, central nervous system stimulants, modafinil, sodium oxybate, certain antidepressants) treatments that are usually used together for optimal management of narcolepsy.
发作性睡病的特征是白天过度嗜睡、猝倒、睡眠瘫痪和入睡前幻觉/入睡前幻觉。目前认为，这是由于外侧下丘脑产生食欲素的神经元缺乏所致。诊断依据是存在适当的临床症状，并通过多导睡眠图和多次小睡潜伏期试验进行确认。有非药物治疗（例如，安排小睡，遵循适当的睡眠卫生）和针对症状的药物治疗（例如，中枢神经系统兴奋剂、莫达非尼、羟丁酸钠、某些抗抑郁药），通常一起使用以实现发作性睡病的最佳管理。
