Regulation of mouse glutathione S-transferases by chemoprotectors. Molecular evidence for the existence of three distinct alpha-class glutathione S-transferase subunits, Ya1, Ya2, and Ya3, in mouse liver.

Liver cytosol from mice fed on a normal diet contains Alpha-class glutathione S-transferase (GST) subunits of Mr 25,800, Mu-class GST subunits of Mr 26,400 and Pi-class GST subunits of Mr 24,800. Feeding female mice with a diet containing the anticarcinogenic antioxidant butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) causes induction of the constitutively expressed Mu-class and Pi-class subunits. BHA also induces an Alpha-class GST comprising subunits of Mr 25,600, which is not expressed at detectable levels in normal mouse liver [McLellan & Hayes (1989) Biochem. J. 263, 393-402]. Data are now presented that show that administration of the anticarcinogen beta-naphthoflavone (BNF), like BHA, induces the Alpha-class 25,600-Mr subunits but not the constitutive Alpha-class GST with subunits of Mr 25,800. The effects of BNF on expression of hepatic GST were studied in both DBA/2 and C57BL/6 mice; these studies revealed a preferential induction of the Alpha-class 25,600-Mr subunits and of the Pi-class 24,800-Mr subunits in those mice in possession of a functional Ah receptor. The BHA/BNF-inducible Alpha-class GST can be resolved into two separate, non-interconvertible peaks by reverse-phase h.p.l.c. Automated amino acid sequence analysis of CNBr-derived peptides from each of these h.p.l.c.-purified peaks showed that the peaks contained at least two very similar subunits. These have been named Ya1 and Ya2. The amino acid sequence of the Ya1 subunit was compared with sequences deduced from a genomic clone, lambda mYa1 (Daniel, Sharon, Tichauer & Sarid (1987) DNA 6, 317-324], and a cDNA clone, pGT41 [Pearson, Reinhart, Sisk, Anderson & Adler (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 13324-13332]. Our data suggest that the Ya1 subunit represents the subunit encoded by the genomic clone, lambda mYa1. Sequence analysis of the constitutive Alpha-class Ya3 subunit (Mr 25,800) shows that, although it is a member of the same gene family as the Ya1 and Ya2 subunits, it represents a distinct sub-family of Alpha-class GST, containing subunits that are more similar to rat Yc. Our data indicate that, of these Alpha-class GST subunits, the two with Mr 25,600 (Ya1 and Ya2) are selectively induced by BHA or BNF in mouse liver; neither BHA nor BNF induces significantly the GST subunit with Mr 25,800 (Ya3).