[DNA甲基化与去甲基化机制——其在基因表达调控中的作用]

[Mechanism of DNA methylation and demethylation--its role in control of genes expression].

作者信息

Guz Jolanta, Foksiński Marek, Oliński Ryszard

机构信息

Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 24 Karlowicza St., 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland.

出版信息

Postepy Biochem. 2010;56(1):7-15.

PMID:20499676

Abstract

Cytosine methylation is a post-replicative DNA modification associated with transcriptional repression. This process consists in covalent addition of a methyl group to cytosine within the CpG dinucleotide. DNA methylation is catalyzed by DNA methyltransferases which transfer a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to cytosine bases in DNA. Methylation patterns are determined by DNA methyltransferases, but also by the process of DNA demethylation. This review describes biochemical aspects of DNA methylation and demethylation and its role in regulation of genes expression, as well as shows cytosine methylation as promising target for anticancer therapy.

摘要

胞嘧啶甲基化是一种与转录抑制相关的复制后DNA修饰。该过程包括将甲基共价添加到CpG二核苷酸内的胞嘧啶上。DNA甲基化由DNA甲基转移酶催化，这些酶将甲基从S-腺苷-L-甲硫氨酸转移到DNA中的胞嘧啶碱基上。甲基化模式由DNA甲基转移酶决定，但也由DNA去甲基化过程决定。本综述描述了DNA甲基化和去甲基化的生化方面及其在基因表达调控中的作用，并表明胞嘧啶甲基化是抗癌治疗的一个有前景的靶点。