Pischke S, Potthoff A, Hauröder B, Schlué J, Manns M P, Cornberg M, Wedemeyer H
Gastroenterologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover.
Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 2010 Jun;135(22):1129-33. doi: 10.1055/s-0030-1255136. Epub 2010 May 25.
Hepatitis E is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis E virus (HEV). Hepatitis E is mainly a self-limiting travel-associated disease without chronic evolution. In recent years an increasing number of authochtonous HEV-infections has been described in industrialized countries. HEV-infections frequently take a mild clinical silent course of disease in immunocompetent individuals and thus HEV infection is largely underdiagnosed. Therefore, the anti-HEV-prevalence is much higher than anticipated with 2 - 20% in Western Europe. HEV genotype 3 infections must be considered as zoonotic infections with several animals including swines serving as reservoirs. Cases of HEV-transmissions by blood transfusion were described not only in Asia but also in France and the UK. HEV-infections may take severe courses in pregnant women and patients with chronic liver diseases, sometimes leading to acute liver failure. In addition several centres described cases of progressive chronic HEV-infection in organ transplant recipients and HIV-positive patients during the last two years. In this review we summarize the current state-of-the-art on the knowledge of HEV-infections in industrialised countries.
戊型肝炎是一种由戊型肝炎病毒（HEV）引起的传染病。戊型肝炎主要是一种与旅行相关的自限性疾病，不会慢性演变。近年来，工业化国家中本土戊型肝炎病毒感染的病例越来越多。在免疫功能正常的个体中，戊型肝炎病毒感染通常呈现轻度、临床症状不明显的病程，因此戊型肝炎病毒感染在很大程度上未得到充分诊断。所以，抗戊型肝炎病毒的流行率远高于预期，在西欧为2%至20%。必须将戊型肝炎病毒3型感染视为一种人畜共患病感染，包括猪在内的多种动物都是病毒宿主。不仅在亚洲，在法国和英国也有通过输血传播戊型肝炎病毒的病例报道。戊型肝炎病毒感染在孕妇和慢性肝病患者中可能会发展为重症，有时会导致急性肝衰竭。此外，在过去两年中，多个中心报道了器官移植受者和艾滋病毒阳性患者中出现进行性慢性戊型肝炎病毒感染的病例。在这篇综述中，我们总结了工业化国家中戊型肝炎病毒感染的最新知识现状。
