Johnson John M, Kellogg Dean L
Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
Front Biosci (Schol Ed). 2010 Jun 1;2(3):825-53. doi: 10.2741/s105.
The past 10-15 years has been a time of focus on the mechanisms of control in the human cutaneous circulation. Methodological developments have provided powerful means for resolving the important contributors to the reflex control of skin blood flow (thermoregulatory control) and also for the equally impressive effects of direct heating and cooling of the skin (thermal control). This review is devoted largely to that recent literature. We treat the sympathetic vasoconstrictor system and its transmitters and modulatory factors and the sympathetic active vasodilator system and its abundant mysteries, with focus on the putative transmitters and cotransmitters, the involvement of nitric oxide and the relationship to sweating and modulatory factors. We also deal with the current understanding of the mechanisms of vasoconstriction and vasodilation that accompany direct skin cooling and heating, noting that adrenergic function, afferent nerve function and the nitric oxide system are involved in the vascular responses to both thermal stimuli.
在过去的10到15年里，人们一直专注于人体皮肤循环的调控机制。方法学的发展为解析皮肤血流反射性调控（体温调节控制）的重要因素以及皮肤直接加热和冷却（热控制）所产生的同样显著的效果提供了有力手段。本综述主要关注近期的相关文献。我们探讨交感缩血管系统及其递质和调节因子，以及交感活性舒血管系统及其诸多未解之谜，重点关注假定的递质和共递质、一氧化氮的作用以及与出汗和调节因子的关系。我们还阐述了目前对皮肤直接冷却和加热时血管收缩和舒张机制的理解，指出肾上腺素能功能、传入神经功能和一氧化氮系统均参与了对这两种热刺激的血管反应。
